Crime Rates, Trends, And Variations - 931 Words

Introduction Every day we tend to hear that the crime rate is up, or that it seem like crime is taking over America, but is that really true? What do we really know about the crime rate? And what do we understand about violent crime rates, trends, and variations? We will discuss these issues to gain a better understanding about the UCR system. FBI UCR for Georgia When I checked my state, which is GA and compared what I have been told by some of my associates from the Augusta, Georgia Richmond Country Sheriff department it was what I expected, which was that crime rates were going down. So, there were no surprise there at all. It showed me that between, 2012 - 2013 that we had some decrease in violent crimes, for instance, in 2012 based on the population of â€Å"9,915,646 we had a total 37,675 violent crimes, and in 2013 based on the population of 9,992,167 there were only a total of 35,943 violent crimes† (â€Å"Crime in the†, 2013). So there was a â€Å"-4.6 percent change in violent crimes within those two years, and within the violent crime rate per 100,000: was 380.0 for 2012, and in 2013 was 357.9 that there was an overall percent change of -5.3† (â€Å"Crime in the†, 2013). Why has it dropped? Well most LEOs believe that it has dropped because of proactive arrests, faster responses to 911 calls, higher number of LEOs on the streets, community policing, and more random patrols. Thereby all of these reasons could help crime rates go down, but one can never tell with criminals. But, forShow MoreRelatedThe Crime Of Uniform Crime1427 Words   |  6 Pages Uniform Crime Report for 2014 states that there are four offenses in the Violent Crime category, they include Murder, Forcible Rape, Robbery and Aggravated Assault. They only collect their data from Law Enforcement Agencies from their arrest reports. According to The Uniform Crime Report, Property Crime includes these four offenses, Burglary, Larceny/ Theft, Motor Vehicle Theft and Arson. The Uniform Crime Report reported that there were 402,470 violent crime arrests in 2014 compared to 1,275,315Read MoreA Look at Crime from a Sociological Perspective1020 Words   |  4 PagesCrime A Look into Crime from a Sociological Perspective Introduction Crime is considered to be some breech or violation of behaviors which stand in opposition of rules or norms instituted by some governing body. Some actions are considered to be crimes throughout most societies in history; murder or physical abuse can serve as an example as an example. However, the majorities of things that are considered crimes are more of a subjective nature and vary widely in different societies. In many societiesRead MoreMeasuring The Validity Of The Figures For Doncaster Town Centre871 Words   |  4 Pagescommon problem. Results showed a 16% decrease in crime rates in Doncaster town centre. However there was evidence of geographical displacement to the surrounding towns that showed a 31% increase in crime rates. This therefore affects the validity of the figures for Doncaster because taking both figures into account the overall reduction in crime is only 6% (Skinns, 1998). It is difficult to measure displacement because the surrounding areas where crime has su pposedly been displaced to may show theseRead MoreLaw Enforcement Assignment1634 Words   |  7 Pagesworkload-based techniques, and authorized level methods. Accordingly, Wilson and Weiss (2014) conducted a literature review for secondary information and interviews for primary data geared towards establishing and assessing the extant experiences and trends in staffing allocation. The interviews were undertaken among practitioners drawn from 20 varied agencies in America and a national focus group, which included 21 staffing professionals (Wilson Weiss, 2014). The article also examined the weaknessesRead MoreCrime And The Criminal Justice System1561 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction: Over the past 30 years, crime has become a major issue of public concern, of political discussion and action, often intemperate and not likely to reduce crime, and of major public expenditure. Despite its salience in public arena, very little is known about the factors driving the crime trend, and the knowledge base is too limited to support intelligent forecasts of the direction in which crime rates are moving, especially when changing direction. Developing suchRead MorePast and Current Trends1207 Words   |  5 PagesPast and Current Trends Drugs and alcohol have played a role in American society for many years. There is, however, a wider variety of drugs available today than ever before and with this wider variety there comes a wider range of addictive qualities and health related risks that individuals who take these drugs are subjected. Habit forming drugs were introduced into American society as far back as the 1700s. These drugs were widely used for medicinal purposes without any knowledge of their addictiveRead MoreAge And Crime Relationship Chart1126 Words   |  5 PagesResearch proposal Age and crime relationship In an age and crime relationship chart, we can see that some population involved in crimes tends to climax in age of adolescence or early stage of adulthood. Then, it declines at the same rate with age. I am really wonder is age plays a crucial role for people who committed crime? I want to focus on when a person in a certain age, what will be some reason for the person to commit crimes. Is this universal or can be said similar crimes regardless of locationRead MoreThe Role Of Homicide Rates And A Variation Of Studies985 Words   |  4 PagesChile: Trends 2000 - 2012 I. NAME. Cole J. Leaf II. CLASS. Introduction to Justice A110 ? Monday and Wednesday 2:30-3:45 III. DATE. Wednesday, October 26, 2016 at 2:30 PM IV. ARTICLE CITATION Otzen, T., Sanhueza, A., Manterola, C., Melnik, T., Hetz, M. (2015, December/January). Homicide in Chile: Trends 2000 ? 2012. BMC Psychiatry. DOI:10.1186/s12888-015-0632-5 V. SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE. This article is the breakdown of homicide rates and a variation of studies on this particular crime doneRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Reporting System1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Uniform Crime Reporting System (UCR) is a voluntary city, university and college, county, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement program that provides a nationwide view of crime based on the submission of statistics by law enforcement agencies throughout the country (â€Å"UCR, 2013). The UCR crime statistics are used in many ways and serve many purposes. It provides resources for different audiences such as businesses, intelligence partners, law enforcement, communities, crime victims, parentsRead MoreClassical Criminology And Modern Criminology1412 Words   |  6 Pages‘offender’ can result in the overlooking of crucial details that may have facilitated the offence. Such details can include low-socio economic upbringing, mental health issues or social inequali ty. Therefore, when dealing with youth crime in Melbourne, only a limited amount of crime is explainable as classical criminology lacks the ability to take extenuating circumstances into consideration. The main focus of classical criminology is centred around the cost-benefit analysis principle. Classical criminology

The Assassination That Changed the Nation - 1207 Words

In January of 1961, John F. Kennedy, or usually known by his initials JFK, became the 35th President of the United States. He was sworn in at the young age of 43, becoming the youngest man elected to office and the first of the Roman Catholic faith. Kennedy, a distinguished man of confidence, was known for his good looks, irresistible personality, and oratory skills. Kennedy is said to have â€Å"brought to public life not only the hard assets of leadership, but the rarest capacity to illuminate ideas by the grace of his personality and the clarity of his speech† (Freeman, par 5). Justin ONeill in his article, â€Å"The Day The President Was Shot,† continues the idea stated by Freeman, asserting that â€Å"many Americans saw Kennedy as a symbol of hope†¦show more content†¦1. JFKs assassination, Dallas, Texas, November 1963 Life magazine comment on the photos from the Zapruder film, with praise, â€Å"a remarkable and exclusive serious of pictures which show for the first time and in tragic detail, the fate which befell our President† (â€Å"JFKs Assassination, Frame By Frame: Key Stills From The Zapruder Film† par ). The historical photo of President John F. Kennedys assassination was one of the first shocking events of that decade, because it captured the ill fate of a great president, murder in broad daylight, and displayed Kennedy as a hero. The event affected individuals on a personal level. Morrow et al. claims â€Å"his [Kennedys] assassination much more profoundly affected the course of America than anything he did while he was in the White House† (par 43). Expanding on Morrows claims, Ross states that President Kennedys assassination â€Å"brought the nation together in a way not seen since the attack of Pearl Harbor in 1940† (par 23). Although, JFK was only in offic e for a little over a thousand days, he transformed the country that placed him in the White House. His administration catalyzed a series of events that set forth American progress. Gary Willis, a Kennedy revolutionist, insists that the â€Å"extraordinary glamor and heightened expectations that Kennedy bought to office have crippled all of his successors† (Morrow et al. Par 44). It is said that noShow MoreRelated60’s in America Essay examples870 Words   |  4 PagesPeople’s way of life had completely changed at the turn of the decade. It was the first decade to be radically different, then one’s before. It is the decade to set the trends of all to come. It started a large progressive movement, it created distrust throughout the country, and finally an innovative time that set the path to the technology era. The United States, during the 1960’s was a very progressive time for our country; the way people lived there life changed dramatically and has not been theRead MoreThe Assassination of Malcolm X Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican-American Unity. Four men were involved in the assassination, but only one was convicted: Talmadge Hayer (a.k.a. Thomas Hagan). The theory accepted by most historians is that the government ordered the assassination of Malcolm X. There is significant evidence to support this theory. One key component in the government theory is the New York Bureau of Special Services, B.O.S.S., an extremely covert spy agency (Hutchinson 1). A week before his assassination, Malcolm’s house was firebombed. AlthoughRead MoreWas Malcolm X Justified Or Unjustified923 Words   |  4 PagesWas Malcolm X’s assassination justified or unjustified? Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21, 1965 in the audubon ballroom in Washington Heights, New York City. Malcolm X was assassinated before he was about to give a speech about his newly formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Malcolm X’s shooter was Thomas Hagan a former member of the Nation Of Islam. Malcolm X’s assassination was unjustified through deep and complex research such as â€Å"just before Malcolm X was assassinated he wasRead MoreJulius Caesar And Abraham Lincoln716 Words   |  3 Pageswestern frontier in Kentucky and Indiana. He was the first U.S. president born outside of the original thirteen states. Though Lincoln was mostly self-educated he rose to become a lawyer, a politician, and finally achieving the highest office of the nation. On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected the 16th president of the United States. Shortly after seven slave states left the Union to form the Confederate States of America and the Civil War broke out. He preserved the Union during this trying timeRead MoreThe Assassination Of President Abraham Lincoln Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most tragic moments throughout all American history in my opinion is the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. With no surprise I am writing about certain event that occurred leading up to, during, and after this unfortunate event. This historical event is clouded with conspiracy but I will try to avoid specifics of that particular view. Abraham Lincoln was born in a little town located within Hardin Country, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 (www.whitehouse.gov/abrahamlincoln). HeRead MoreLincolns Assassination: Foreshadowing the Implementation of the Secret Service, FBI, and CIA1181 Words   |  5 Pagesmiddle of the nineteenth century, the civil war proved to divide the nation. When the nation finally came back together, it was broken again shortly after. On April 15th, 1865 the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C. This was the first successful attempt to have a president assassinated while in office. After unsuccessful attempts, the first successful assassination of the president pointed out gaping flaws in the government. The firstRead MoreNationalism and the Origins of World War One910 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup will have a common factor of race, language, culture or religion. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the Austrian Archduke during the time of 1914, sparked off an already existing conflict between Austria and Serbia. The force of Nationalism influenced this conflict between Serbia and Austria due to the nationalistic views of the Serbian people. The conflict that occurred on the 28th June 1914 was the assassination of the Austrian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand. While he and his wife were visitingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement 1104 Words   |  5 Pagestwenty-one shots, four assassinations, one nation, and a changed world all effected throughout the 1960s. There were many distresses throughout the 1960s. Some of the main ones included the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Robert Kennedy and John Kennedy. The aftermath of all these deaths greatly affected the United States and the people in it. Each one of these men had a huge impression on a certain group in America that they broke a barrier for. The nation mourned and wept overRead MoreAnalysis Of Malcolm X By William F. Martin Luther King Jr.975 Words   |  4 PagesHaley told his story to millions who had never heard it before. His name was Malcolm X. As the title of the book suggests, The Autobiography of Malcolm X tells the life story of Malcolm Little from his childhood in Lancing, Michigan, up to his assassination (told in the epilogue) in 1965. His childhood was rough, his father was killed by a racist mob, and his mother was committed to a mental home when he was young. After moving to Boston to live with his sister, Malcolm fell in with the various â€Å"hustlers†Read MoreThe Assassination Of Robert F. Kennedy1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe tumultuous events that took place in 1968 effectively transformed the face of the nation in every aspect; economically, socially, and politically. Failed military tactics, assassinations, and violent civil rights movements were the defining characteristics of 1968. Despite the few good things that came out of that year, much of 1968 was dedicated to rebuilding the country, tragedy after tragedy. The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, involvement in the Vietnam War, and escalating civil rights movements

Regret free essay sample

Regret. It is a feeling that can strike without warning. For instance, I once went to school without realizing it was my best friends birthday. I felt embarrassed that I had forgotten, but later, I was full of regret because I had not been mentally tied to my best friends birthday. Or in other words, my mind missed the opportunity to be in a celebratory mood, and thus, I was at a loss. So, I have learned forgetting tends to be a regretful thing. Now imagine forgetting about life in general. Forget the little things that encompass it and make it so genuine, inspiring, and miraculous. Forget about animals, trees, flowers, clouds, stars, soil, rain, and the rest of nature. Forget about your family and friends. Forget about your heritage. Forget about what makes you laugh and smile and what makes you warm and fuzzy inside. Now, what is left in the world? There is nothing left to sustain the soul. It is hard to think someone can forget about the blessings of life. After all, we see them around us every day. But people have a problem, not necessarily with recalling what is around them, but in remembering to incorporate lifes little miracles into their minds and bodies. What I get worried about is whether people are alive. For instance, at school I sometimes find it very difficult to be myself amidst the pressures coming from technology, my classes, and my peers. One time it felt like I became a machine on a mission to gobble up knowledge and spit out straight As. Then, it transcended to my home, where I became oblivious to my family. And at night, when I fell asleep, my mind did not dream, because on that day nothing memorable or exciting happened in my life. I look back at my life as of yet, and I see some gaps. I cannot recall memories of those periods, and even worse, memories of my family and friends, because I was mesmerized into some artificial persona. Now as my life at home approaches an end, the regret tends to manifest itself when I feel happy or when I am around the people I love. It is painful, but all I can do is learn from my regret. On the path of life we can get lost in the worlds superficiality without even realizing it. What is really meaningful and beautiful to us becomes skewed, which makes for a perverse perception of what is around us. The issue here is not in our inability to remember facts and data, but when we fail to avoid the tragedy of the mundane. It is human to forget, but if we are to remember anything, especially in this world so full of distraction and deceit, it is to use our gift of life to the fullest. For as Mary Oliver once wrote: I dont want to end up having simply visited this world.

Dominant Economic Characteristics free essay sample

Degree of Vertical Integration: How prevalent is backward (suppliers) and forward integration (distributors, retailers). Ease of Entry/Exit: Barriers to enter/leave the industry. EX: Moderate entry barriers exist in the form of capital requirements to construct a new plant of minimum efficient size (cost equals $10 million) and ability to build a customer base inside a 250-mile radius of plant Technology/Innovation: What is the pace of technological change in both productions, process innovation and new products introductions? Product Characteristics: Goods/services highly differentiated, weakly differentiated or essentially identical? Buyers perceive little real difference from seller to seller? Scale Economies: What impact does large volume have on – purchasing, mfg, transportation, and marketing? Experience Curve What is the impact of learning and experience in this industry? Capacity Utilization: Do you only achieve low cost production efficiency with high levels of capacity? EX: Manufacturing efficiency is highest between 90-100 percent of rated capacity; below 90 percent utilization unit costs run significantly higher Industry Profitability: Is it above or below the norm? Do profits track the strength of demand for the industry’s products? Impact on prices?

Essay Topics - Choosing The Best One

Essay Topics - Choosing The Best OneAs you are preparing for your college essays, one of the more common concerns is the type of essay topics that will get you accepted into the best colleges and universities. There are plenty of good essay topics out there to choose from. Some of the most common ones include the topic of a religious perspective and essay questions, perhaps the first topic of your essay. Some of the other common ones are questions related to your personal experiences and your life at this time.When you are searching for the right essay topics for your essay, it would be better if you can find a few sources that can guide you through the different topics that are required by some institutions. These sources might include your parents or the college that you have applied to. Even though you may not believe this, you may need to consult an academic adviser about certain topics you want to tackle.When you are looking for essay topics, there are a lot of things that you c an consider. For example, some of the topics you might want to do are food, religion, and sports. With sports, you can look at events such as the Olympics, professional games, etc. If you are a vegan, you can do research about the veggie burgers, pizza, and pasta.Oral history will help you get the best from your subject matter, so you should always keep in mind that you should write about this. You might want to consider writing about your favorite sports teams or sports personalities and athletes. This would give you the opportunity to add your own personal opinions to the subject matter.Some of the other unique essay topics that you can think about are written on topics that are about the end of the world, and a personal approach to death. Of course, you should always be careful when using topics like these. You have to avoid using them to make a point and because youare only interested in writing about death, but you should also make sure that you focus on the topic.You might thi nk that writing a different topic than what is commonly used will be easy, but there are a lot of different types of topics you can try. You have to keep in mind that you have to remember how often the person you are writing for would not see the topic you are writing about.So, while you are trying to decide on essay topics for your essay, it would be best if you think about how your audience will read your essay and then think about the best topic that you can use. A great way to ensure that your ideas will be recognized is to know how your audience would read your essay.

A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) Essay Example

A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) Paper A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HU) BY datsY27101989 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY OF STUDY PROJECT REPORT TITLE: A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HOI) Date of submission: 16/05/2013 Name: VO THI KIM COC Supervisors Name: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Hung Tien Tutors Name : Le Huong Hoa, M. A l certify that this work is entirely my own and has not been accepted as part of a submission to another purpose elsewhere. Signed: Word length: words ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study has been completed with the help and support of many people. Therefore, I am grateful to all of them. Most importantly, I wish to give my special acknowledgement to Mr. Le Hung Tien, my supervisor, who has made a significant contribution to the success of this research. He shaped me on the path toward being an independent researcher. I also would like to give my thanks for Ms. Le Huong Hoa, my tutor. Dear Ms. Hoa, thank you for your initial ideas of the research topic and your support during the time I was conducting the research. We will write a custom essay sample on A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You have invested a lot of energy and valuable time counseling and correcting my study. Without your help and support, I would have been in much trouble completing my study. Working with you, I have learned a lot of valuable knowledge and experiences in doing research. Besides, I would like to Mrs. Dinh Thi Hoa, lecturer of Faculty of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry, who gave me advice on my study. Her advice and guidance helped me overcome difficulties while I was implementing the research. No acknowledgement would be completed without thanking my parents who always nspired me so much in finishing this research. I also want to give acknowledgement to my friends who spent their time to help me analyze my paper and provide insightful comments. TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPERVISORS REMARKS Grade: Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Hung Tien ABSTRACT The research carried out under the title A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The obstacles in teaching and learning speaking skill are surveyed in some selected classes and observed by the researcher. Interviews are also organized o get supplementary results for the questionnaires. All the quantitative and qualitative methods are conveyed to get data for the research. As the result, teachers and students have different difficulties in teaching and learning speaking skill. In classes, the teachers surveyed meet difficulties with the large size of classes, studentslow motivation, studentsinsuffcient English competence, and so on while students meet obstacles such as difficult lessons, teachers unsuitable teaching methods, and the worries of making mistakes. In summary, all the difficulties originate from objective and subjective reasons. The rationale of the study: Nowadays, English plays an important role in the society. The number of people English speaking is becoming popularly. Speaking skill is one of the inevitable skills in learning English. Penny Ur (1996:120) noted, Speaking seems intuitively the most important in four basic skills. In fact, through speaking, people can express their opinions, make social contact with others people, establish rapport. In some situation, we use English speaking to give instructions or to get things done. That is also a reason why today more and more people learn to speak English. Most of the learners of English agree that the ability to express themselves freely in communication is the great importance for their future career, especially in modern societies where contacting with foreigners often occurs. However, there still exist many difficulties in learning and teaching English in Vietnam in general and at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HOI) in particular. Many Vietnamese learners can write and read English quite well but they cannot speak it correctly and fluently in real-life communication. Surely, there are many reasons for this reality. After teaching the non-English major tudents especially freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry for some years, I have recognized some big obstacles which prevent English language teachers and learners in Vietnam from achieving their aims. These obstacles are: large and heterogeneous classes, students low level of English language proficiency, students low motivation and some others. Unfortunately, this is not only the situation in these universities but also the case for many other colleges and universities in Vietnam. This has given me the desire to conduct A study on the difficulties in teaching and of Industry 2. Aims of the study: The research investigates the reality of teaching and learning English speaking skill to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The main goal of the research is to identify the difficulties of teacher and students when they deal with speaking skill. 3. Research questions of the study: 1 . What are the difficulties of teacher at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when teaching English speaking to non-English major freshmen? 2. What are the difficulties of non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when learning the English speaking? 4. The scope of the study: Teaching and learning the English speaking skill is a wide field for research. In the scope of this study due to the limited time and knowledge, the study focuses on difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to the first-year students of non-English major at HI-Jl. 5. Methods of the study: To fullflll the above aims, the investigator has chosen both qualitative and quantitative methods for the study. Data for analysis are gained through the following sources: Survey questionnaires: this method is used to find out the difficulties the teacher and first-year students of non-English major at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when they learn and teach English speaking. The questionnaires are useful for getting data of the attitudes and behaviors of the teachers and learners when facing these difficulties. It is very convenient for the significant in getting more qualitative data by getting closer to the objects of the study. Moreover, observation done by the researcher is leading to more objective data and open new perspective of the study. 6. Design of the study: This minor study consists of two parts: Part A- INTRODUCTION: states the rationale, aims, research questions, the scope, ethod and design of the study. Part B- DEVELOPMENT: includes three chapters: Chapter I -LITERATURE REVIEW: provides theoretical background that is relevant to the purpose of the study. Chapter II -METHODOLOGY: presents the methodology of the study including the research context, methods of study, research design. Chapter Ill -FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: deals with the data analysis of two questionnaires designed for English teachers and non-English major freshmen to find out their difficulties in teaching and learning speaking skill. PART S: DEVELOPMENT 1. 1. Speaking Skill: 1. 1. 1 . Concepts of Speaking: Speaking is the productive, oral skill. Speaking consists of producing systematic verbal utterances to convey meaning (utterances are simply things people say). According to Carter David Nunans book (2001 :19), speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information and it is often spontaneous, open-ended and evolving, but it is not completely unpredictable. Speaking is fundamental to human communication. Different linguistics has different concepts of speaking but they are all agreeing with this idea. Brown also defines in her book speaking as an process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing information, (1994:241). In Brown and Yules opinions in teaching the Spoken Language book (1983:236), spoken language consists of short, fragmentary utterances in a range of pronunciation. Usually, there is a great deal of repetition and overlap between one speaker and another. Speaker usually uses non-specific references. They also add that spoken language is made by using the loosely organized syntax, and non-specific words, phrases and filters such as Oh, well, uhuh, etc. A comprehensive discussion of the nature of speaking is provided by Bygate (1991 59), who shows that in order to be able to speak a foreign language, it is obviously necessary to have micro-linguistic skills, that is, to understand some grammar, vocabulary and the rules governing how words are put together to form sentences. However, these motor-perceptive skills, as Bygate calls them, are not sufficient since while producing sentences, we often have to adapt them to the circumstances. He then presents the second set of speaking skills: the interaction skills, which involve using knowledge and basic motor- erception skills in deciding what to say and how to say it, while maintaining the intended relation with others. 1. 1. 2. The Role and Status of Speaking in Language Learning and Teaching: As it was implied in the introduction, the skill of speaking has been recently considered by many methodologists a priority in language teaching. Of all the four skills, Ur (1996: 120) concludes, speaking seems intuitively the most important. Most language learners, she adds, are primarily interested in learning to speak. Similar view is held by Nunan, who says that the ability to operate in a second anguage can be actually equated to the ability to speak that language. Hedge (2000:258) gives the evidence that speaking has recently obtained, at least from textbook writers, the attention it deserves: Learners need to develop at the same time the knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, functional language and communicative skills. Attention to the systems of language is crucial, but the development of fluency and contextual appropriate are equally important goals. The reasons for learning to speak competently are formulated as follows: Learners may need the skill to establish nd maintain relationships, to negotiate, to influence people. Speaking is the skill by which learners are assessed when the first impression is formed in Hedges book (2000: 261). 1. 2. Difficulties in Teaching and Learning to Speak English Skill: 1. 2. 1 . Difficulties from Teacher: There is no learning without teaching. So as a tool of implementing teaching plans learning. Quite a few researches have discussed the relationship between teacher talk and language learning. As Nunan (1991:203) points out: Teacher talk is of crucial importance, not only for the organization of the classroom but also for the processes f acquisition. It is important for the organization and management of the classroom because it is through language that teachers either succeed or fail in implementing their teaching plans. In terms of acquisition, teacher talk is important because it is probably the major source of comprehensible target language input the learner is likely to receive. The amount and type of teacher talk is even regarded as a decisive factor of success or failure in classroom teaching. Moreover, to make the process of teaching and learning effective, it is very essential to build a friendly, non-threatening lassroom atmosphere which is created on the basis of a close teacher-learner relationship. Therefore, inappropriate teacher pedagogical practices through not only classroom teacher talk but also classroom teacher-learner relationship have also been seen as a major contributor to the difficulties in teaching speaking skill. 1. 2. 2. Difficulties from Students: In speaking class, besides the active learners, some learners feel shy or afraid to speak or express their ideas, especially when students are being asked to give personal information or opinions. Maybe students fear to lose face in front of their lassmates. Referring to this problem, David Nunan noted in his book (1999:231), In the recent informal survey that I carried out with colleagues, reluctance to speak on the part of student was seen as their biggest challenge. In the speaking activities, pronunciation plays an important role; it is the way for students to produce clearer language when they speak. If they pronounce wrong, no one can understand what they want to say. Howatt talked about this problem in Ronald Carter and David Nunans book (2001: 14), it was essential that the learners pronunciation should be orrect before moving on to texts. Besides that, the local accent is also another reason so that they need to practice the right pronunciation. They must follow a standard accent to pronounce exactly. Another aspect of speaking that is particularly relevant for second language speakers concerns whether or not the speaking is planned or spontaneous (David Nunan, 2001:227). With speaking performance, students often have mistakes on grammatical points such as word using, tense and sentence structure because there are differences on structure, tenses, and word order between English and Vietnamese. Thus, to speak a language, one must know how the language is used in a social context Richards Renandya (2002:206). Being influenced by the mother tongue, learners sometime cannot use word appropriately and speak English like native speakers because each language has its own rules of usage. That is the main reason preventing students ability of English speaking. There are some situations happening in classroom. Teachers give students a topic to speak, but they cannot present the topic. The reason for this problem is that students do not have enough knowledge, vocabulary or they are not major in this topic. When students do not have idea to express the topic, it can be easy for students to feel boring in speaking class. Therefore, in order to improve the speaking skill, students not only understand the basic knowledge involving in many different fields but also have a large knowledge of vocabulary. As Canale and Swain proposed, competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence, which reflect the use of the linguistic system and the functional aspects of communication, respectively, Richards and Renandyas book (2002:206). CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2. 1 . Method context: . 1. 1 . Description of the English course for non-English major freshmen and its objectives at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry: The study is conducted at Ho Chi Minh university of Industry. They must spend the first two years learning Basic English. They learn integrated skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) in a 12 credit course in three semesters. Students learn the textbooks American Headway 1B, American Headway 2A, American Headway 2B. The aim of this course for non-English major freshmen is to develop students communicative competence in English. After he course, students are expected to communicate in English at the intermediate level. Students will normally learn English to communicate with other people fluently after finishing their study at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. . 1. 2. Description of the non-English major freshmen at HOI: Most of non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry must learn English from the first semester (at the beginning of the first year) to the second or third semester (at the end of the first year). They start at different levels of English and learn different majors such as Electrical, Electronic, Mechanical, Chemical Engineering, Environment, Information T echnology, Business Administration, Finance and Banking. Students who have a certain competence of English forget a part what they learned after the long time they prepared for the university entrance examination. 2. 1. 3. Description of the English teachers at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry: Most of English teachers teach English for non-English major students are from Faculty of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. Most of them graduated from some institutions r universities of training teachers of English such as Ho Chi Minh University of Pedagogy, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, or other universities in Australia, Canada and English. The qualification status of teaching contingent is that of the teachers are enthusiastic and active in teaching. The frequent meeting or discussions on how to improve the teaching and learning quality are held to get new ideas about changing teaching and learning methods as well as adapting materials appropriate to students. 2. 2. Methods of study: The study employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This is, according to WisJer. G (2001 :138) a common approach. Questionnaires are used as a kind of quantitative method of study to collect information from teachers and students. The questionnaires include both closed and open-ended questions which give teachers and students chance to express their opinions on the difficulties of teaching and learning English speaking skill. Besides that, interviews and group observation are used to get quantitative data for the study. Their in-dept thinking noted during the interview will help the researcher have more sights looks into the study issue. Moreover, observations give a condition for the researcher to check whether the teachers and students do what they say in the lessons. . 3. Research design: 2. 3. 1 . Sample and sampling: The data of the study is collected from two main sources: survey questionnaires and interviews. The survey questionnaire is conducted among 1 5 teachers who have from 3 to 10 years in teaching English to non-English major students at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The questionnaires for non-English major students are delivered to 150 students learning in three groups. They are first-year students who re taking part in a second semester of their English course. 2. 3. 2. Research Instruments: The data for the study comes from both a quantitative method called survey questionnaires, and two qualitative methods mainly interview and group observation. 2. 3. 3. Data analysis: Data analysis is not only the process of reading out the data collected but the process of interpreting data under the viewpoint and experience of the researcher. The analysis will bring a lot of suppositions in the research question into light. These results will be presented in forms of tables and chart that help to compare different iewpoints of teachers and students on the research problems. CHAPTER Ill: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION This part will deal with the data analysis of two questionnaires designed for English teachers and non-English major freshmen to find out their difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking skill. BOOKS: 1 . Brown, H. D. (1994). Teaching by Principles: an Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Prentice Hall. 2. Brown, G. Yule, G. (1983). Teaching the Spoken Language. Cambridge University Press. 3. Bygate. (1987). Speaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. David Nunan. 1999). Second Language Teaching Learning. Heinle Heinle Publishers. 5. Jack C. Richards and Willy A. Renandya. (2002). Methodology in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. 6. Ronald Carter David Nunan (2001). The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages. Cambridge University Press. 7. Tricia Hedge. (2000). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford University Press. 8. Ur, P. (1996). A Course in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. 9. Wisker, G. (2001), The Postgraduate Research Handbook, Palgrave Study Guides

Rio Grande Essays

Rio Grande Essays Rio Grande Essay Rio Grande Essay The chief of operations-Henry Dearer- fired a worker who had hacked into co-workers emails. There was a right for Henry to fire the employee but it seems that a consideration of her previous work performance was not included in his decision. There seems to be a lack of flexibility not to mention the hypocrisy about the decision as well. There seems to be many elements that show that there Is a disturbance In the corporate culture. Jasper saw an Importance In how each person respected their fellow workers which suggests that there Is an Involvement culture, though the employee that covertly spied Into anothers emails suggest suspicion In the culture. The act of spying can be seen as being aggressive, which Is one of the traits In a competitive culture. The lack of leadership In the Involvement culture may allow the corporate culture to lean towards the competitive type of culture. The values of integrity and honesty are judgment values and what they mean can change from person to person. They should be reworded so there is no misunderstanding to what is meant. For example, honesty should be changed to l ill always tell the truth. These values were not implemented by the management team and are evident by the way Henry misused the internet resource. There is a lack of transparency (corruption) as the employees know Henry breaks the rules and yet gets away with it but the employee gets fired when she breaks the rules. Management sets the rules but it is seen by employees that they can do and get away with anything. The employees see an inequality and it breeds distrust and resistance especially when working towards the corporate goals. The dishonesty that Dearer displayed has created a conflict of values. The employees see a double standard and this will create distrust, in turn this could increase staff turnover. This will result in highly trained personnel leaving the company, taking with them the expertise that the company relies on. The staff that chooses to remain will have a lower morale and will be disengaged from the company goals and values. In a situation that shows conflicting values, the values that the company wants to exhibit just come first. The company mission statement and vision should represent the values that are wanted. These values should promote positive outcomes for the company. Values that promote weak communication and hidden agendas give rise to chaos as compared to values that promote Indiscrimination and transparency give rise to harmony. ROI Grander By snobbier There seems to be many elements that show that there is a disturbance in the corporate culture. Jasper saw an importance in how each person respected their allow workers which suggests that there is an involvement culture, though the employee that covertly spied into anothers emails suggest suspicion in the culture. The act of spying can be seen as being aggressive, which is one of the traits in a competitive culture. The lack of leadership in the involvement culture may allow the corporate culture to lean towards the competitive type of culture.