Tombstone AZ :: essays papers

Gravestone AZ Gravestone has had a lot of problematic individuals and its hot shots, for example, the renowned Dick Clark. Dick Clark was a stunt card man, having his secret weapon or dropping an additional card on the ground for the fun of taking the pot. In 1881 Dick Clark, whose genuine name was Richard, had run his own cantina in Tombstone. The name of Clacks cantina was 'The Alhambra', with individuals not being to generally excellent of companions with Clark he had not many equivalents. Clark's cantina was in all probability outstanding amongst other betting foundations. Prior in Mr. Clarks betting days he had played poker in the military for their cash and had enrolled again just to bet with the military fellows. Gravestone had probably the best poker games, for example, Dick's down against Senator Horace Tabar, and Clark had wiped him out. Clark had been referred to for winning as much as 1000 dollars in 6 hands, I accept nobody would need to play him when he was having some fantastic luck . On his way across the nation he was told by a specialist that he had seen that he had a serious disorder and would later bite the dust. The Clark Family, Dick, his significant other, and their received child had set out from Chicago on their way back to Tombstone. On their way via train they halted in Albuquerque and Dick passed on in the inn in October. At the point when Dicks body was come back to Tombstone, all business shut for his burial.(Time-Life Books, 1978) Headstone, Arizona was established in 1877 and it is the site of the acclaimed firearm fight the O.K. Corral. It was said that Tombstone was huge for being where you could carry on with your life as a lord or bite the dust with your boots on. Gravestone had become a boomtown a couple of years after the fact and the silver from mines gave word and it acquired fortune trackers, players, gunfighters, and traders. This town had, by 1881, a populace of 7 thousand and a large portion of which was served by 110 authorized alcohol foundations. As a result of the manner in which the individuals are in Tombstone it was a spot in which it was difficult to bring up your kids.(Mike Flanagan, 1987) Gravestone had a decent side to it, the burdening of cantinas and others gives the sole help to its educational system.

Religion Confessions Essays - Confession, Sacrament Of Penance

Religion: Confessions con?fes?sion Pardon me Father, for I have trespassed. This basic expression from Roman Catholic doctrine evokes pictures of celebrated Hollywood admissions and performances, however the genuine base of the expression has a significantly more dark past. Not just found in current Catholicism, the admission of wrongdoing, alongside the admission of confidence, can be found in strict practices all through the world. The easiest definition Webster gave the admission of transgression is a composed or oral explanation recognizing blame, made by one who has been denounced or accused of an offense (Bookshelf). Notwithstanding, Webster additionally perceives the less idea of meaning of the admission of confidence as a declaration of faith in the regulations of a specific confidence; an ideology (Bookshelf). The twofold edged significance of the word can be halfway clarified by the historical underpinnings (Eliade 1). The word admission gets from the Latin word confiteor which intends to admit a wrongdoing or deficiency, however in an increasingly broad since the word can likewise mean to recognize or affirm. In this way, with the comprehension of the Latin root, one may talk about the miscreant who admits his wrongdoing, or of the saint who admits his confidence. Despite which use is being applied, the strict standards of the admission must be followed. It must happen before a beneficiary, or one who hears the admission. Much of the time, it is preformed in the intrigue of the one admitting as well as of the network to which both the admitting individual and the beneficiary have a place (Eliade 1). With a comprehension of the hidden implications of the admission one may start to investigate the advancement of the wonder and its capacity in present day religion. A typical method to see the admission of transgression is as one piece of the whole ceremony of retribution. The admission alongside the components of petition, penance, and retribution pave the way to the demonstration of remission or pardoning ( Gentz 280). In early Christian religion the admission started as a ritualized bunch declaration of wrongdoing as a major aspect of Sunday venerate; additionally, in Judaism it formed into the yearly congregational admission of sins known as Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement (Gentz 290). The two instances of early admission take after todays present day thought of freely declaring ones confidence and recognizing ones sins before a beneficiary, for this situation being the assembly all in all, yet it wasnt until some other time in Eastern and Western Christianity that the individual admission rose. The specific starting point of the admission is obscure, yet there are numerous hypotheses encompassing the improvement of this establishment. One methodology brought about by Raffaele Pettazzoni states that the admission started from types of enchantment, explicitly the enchantment of the verbally expressed word. A custom expected to remove or kill a wrongdoing by methods for its verbal articulation, it was thought about as a sort of substance that was accused of damaging or obstructive force (Elaide 2). This hypothesis, in any case, evoked academic complaints from the Viennese social authentic school, which kept up that Pettazzonis unilinar recreation of historycould in truth mean an arrival to an implausible evolutionism Elaide 2). The cutting edge meaning of admission started in first century Christianity as the congregation practice a repentance for sins that were viewed as mortal or capital sins. The demonstration started as the delinquent entered the request for the penitents through an admission rendered before the diocesan (Elaide 4). Bit by bit the type of private admission was presented, and from the seventh century forward another type of compromise came into training. In Western Christianity the private type of admission underscored the allegation made by the contrite, while in Eastern Christianity the profound character of the cleric was focused on (Elaide 4). Likewise during this timeframe the seal of admission started to rise. This seal ties the cleric who hears the admission not to uncover the privileged insights of the confession booth to anybody other than God (Bookshelf). At last, the admission as we probably am aware it today has had a significant impact in strict traditions from the beginning of time. Albeit a significant part of the birthplace of the admission is obscure, mankind can in any case value the advancement of this foundation. A great many strict individuals hold it as a sacrosanct, and all through time thinkers and scholars have authenticated

Cando processes of globalization help alleviate poverty Essay

Cando procedures of globalization help reduce destitution - Essay Example (Aart, 2005) There are likewise sources that utilization modernization as an equivalent word for globalization, and it is some of the time subsumed under advancement, Neoliberalism, and post-innovation. Globalization might be viewed as a structure, a procedure, a philosophy, or a blend of these. Defenders of globalization consider it to be, A power which is advantageous to all, people and states, in all pieces of the world (George& Wilding, 2002). Adversaries of globalization see it as good for the upper gatherings in the public eye, to the worldwide organizations and the princely world; and as negative as per the general inclination of open needs, and as a power for the propagation and emphasis of disparities inside and between gatherings of nations to help multinationals and the privileged societies. Its consistent accentuation on expanded intensity includes a race to the base. Various components have prompted the procedure called globalization. As huge companies started broadening their items and administrations by purchasing up littler endeavors as a rule for securities exchange, annual assessment or other budgetary advantages they became aggregates. By then converging with comparative frequently abroad aggregates, they became enormous universal substances known as MNCs (Multinational Corporations). The financial breakdown of the Soviet Union gave further stimulus to globalization the same number of remote firms rushed to set up units in supposed economies on the move. Unhindered commerce understandings of different sorts additionally upheld this procedure. MNCs now represent between a quarter and 33% of the world's yield, 70 percent of world exchange and 80 percent of direct worldwide speculation. Maybe more significantly, worldwide budgetary establishments, including help offices, put conditions on their guide or advances. The World Bank, for instance, has its influence by requesting open exchange channels as a condition for monetary assistance. Indeed, even the halfway joining of Europe and the presentation of the Euro made business across previous limits simpler, and subsequently, MNCs are progressively arranging creation and administration arrangements on a worldwide premise (Held and McGrew, 2003). The International Monetary Fund emphatically advocates less or no administration mediation in the economy, yet its preconditions for credits have developed from around twelve to more than eighty, in this manner directing the financial approaches of nations helpless against its limitations. The exercises of worldwide banks and help programs like the IMF, the World Trade Organization and World Bank are not without prompt ramifications for working individuals, and especially for poor people. The job and exercises of a portion of these associations merit citing: The World Trade Organization was planned as a gathering place where willing countries could sit in uniformity and arrange rules of exchange for their shared bit of leeway, in the administration of feasible global turn of events.

Brief Background of the Study free essay sample

You will discover this at pretty much every passageway in the white collar class regions and particularly available walkways. Filipino’s eat this grill as a starter, a supper, a tidbit, or what the greater part of the guy’s most loved pulutan (Colinares, 2009). Emil-ly’s Barbecue was set up in 1979 which was named after the couple and proprietors of the foundation in particular Emilio and Lilia Berezo. It began with a little slow down put inside the region of the store of the owner’s guardians, Epion’s Store. It is situated along M. L. Quezon interstate, Mustang, Pusok, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu. It’s their absolute first and most established working business. The proprietors began this business with just a capital of one hundred pesos and sold not many kilos of chicken digestive system, chicken head and feet, chicken liver and 1 dozen of chorizo. A long time later, they moved to another zone directly over the main area with a more extensive space and this time with own foundation and name. We will compose a custom paper test on Brief Background of the Study or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They included flame broiled pork, chicken drumstick and bosom in the menu. In 1990’s, they moved back close the business’ first area. It kept on being there as of not long ago. The present menu as of now has lechon manok and seared chicken. The examination is directed to know the degree of information and aptitudes that the organization had in maintaining their field of business. This investigation gives significant subtleties (counting specialized) to encourage the business visionary in settling on the choice by giving different mechanical just as business choices. It likewise gives suggestions to the advancement of the usiness offices and activities. This examination could enable the grill to house become one of the profoundly serious foundations in Barangay Pusok as well as in the entire city of Lapu-Lapu by overhauling its offices and activities. It enables the advocates to draw in or urge more clients to visit their foundation and purchase their items. This investigation takes care of the respondents the experience and information wherein they can go after the future positions they enjoy with.

Media Essay Topics

Media Essay TopicsIn order to write a very good media essay, you will need to be familiar with the various media essay topics. As a student, you should be aware of the ways in which this type of writing is different from other types of writing. You should be able to tailor your essay to meet the needs of the overall target audience and of the specific media.Writing an essay on a topic related to a specific group of people can be quite difficult. For example, if you are writing a media essay for a high school class, you will need to know who the audience is and what kind of audience they are. A major advantage of this type of essay is that the student will have to incorporate their knowledge about the general public in order to give an effective report. Here are some of the most common media essay topics.These are some of the most common topics that will be covered by a local community college. Some examples of these topics are: the influence of television, movies, music, and even mag azines. You will also need to know the reasons why specific media is well known in the community.One way to understand the medium's fans is to focus on the people who follow it. There are many different reasons for media to be successful. Some of these reasons include it being a good source of entertainment, a means of education, or even a way to socialize.Another of the media essay topics that may be helpful to you is 'the evolution of the media.' This type of essay concerns the changing ways in which people use media and how that has affected their lives. The formative years of a child's life, as well as the development of young adulthood are also the proper period to discuss the effect that media has had on those aspects of life.Specific areas of interest are best tackled during a senior thesis. The topics that are chosen should be relevant to the subject matter of the class. In order to make your paper interesting, you can choose topics that are outside of the scope of the class or choose general topics that the class may not have been introduced to.Once you have created a topic that includes a mixture of audience, you will then need to narrow down your audience. It is important to know why people are interested in the particular media that you have chosen. Your next step will be to write your essay on the specific element of the media.Many professional writers have said that a written media essay can help create momentum for your graduate work. Not only do they provide a way to learn more about a particular media, but they also give you a way to reflect upon your views and opinions on the subject.

Miltons Satan in Paradise Lost is Characterized by Arrogance, not Heroism - Literature Essay Samples

Milton dedicated his life to the war of good and evil; this is apparent in his epic poem Paradise Lost, but also in his political battles against the Royalists who abused the power of the monarchy and the Presbyterians who wanted to mandate religion. As a supporter of the Puritan cause, both were great evils in the mind of Milton. He believed both undermined the freedom that Puritans held prominent, and dedicated his hand to be used with all its might in the cause of his country and of liberty (A Brief Life of Milton, 327). However, the discernment of evil is ultimately in the eye of the beholder, shaped by political and cultural, as well as religious, values. By the time he created Paradise Lost, Milton had become all too familiar with darkness, both in a physical and social sense: his own political and religious beliefs had been cast in an evil light, and left him isolated from society and nearly blind. Similarly, in the light of Hell in Paradise Lost, Miltons Satan seems somewhat valiant. He characterizes the apostate angel to be an underdog of sorts, and endows him with a tragic grandeur that can be interpreted as warranting sympathy (I: 125). Though the infernal serpent, Satan possesses virtues comparable to great epic heroes such as Achilles and Odysseus, for he perseveres in his quest for victory and equality (I: 34). Even more like Achilles, however, is his unwavering pride; an arrogance that is the backbone of every one of his heroic ideas and measures. Miltons Satan in Paradise Lost should not be regarded as a hero, but as a malignant narcissist with outstanding leadership skills.Throughout the books of Paradise Lost, not a single word is uttered by the Arch-Enemy that is without some ulterior motive, namely to overthrow the Kingdom of Heaven. Dumped from the divine realm of God, Satans resilience is impressive; he immediately regroups his fellow fallen angels and begins to formulate a Plan B. In his first conversation with Beelezbub as he singes on t he lake of fire, he is steadfastly unrepentant, asserting that All is not lost, the unconquerable will, / And study of revenge, immortal hate, / And courage never to submit or yield: / And what else not to be overcome? (I: 106-109). Even though he and his band of demons have been cast down in defeat, Satan remains obsessed with fantasies of unlimited power and success and shuns any thought of servitude: Satan exalted sat, by merit raised / To that bad eminence; and from despair / Thus high uplifted beyond hope, aspires / Beyond thus high, insatiate to pursue / Vain war with Heavn, and by success untaught / His proud imaginations thus displayed (II: 5-10). Like a military war hero, he exemplifies the never give up, never surrender mentality, rallying his demonic troops with assertions that We shall be free (I: 259) and urges them to union, and firm faith, and firm accord (II: 36). His efforts to find the most feasible plan of action through the political debate seems diplomatic and j ust, but it is a mere ploy that Satan uses to deceive and work by his own agenda a conspiracy hidden by a mask of virtue. Beelezbub presents Satans previously devised strategy in a rhetoric that is intended to seem to be the median between the extremes of Molochs and Mammons arguments, and it appeals to the crowd as a perfect compromise. The decision conveniently presents the opportunity for Satan whom now transcendent glory raised / Above his fellows, with monarchal pride / conscience of highest worth to nominate himself for the voyage (II: 427-429). Milton cleverly portrays Satan as a protagonist who exhibits virtuous qualities typically attributed to heroes. As Satan himself is the great deceiver, he is possessed by qualities that Heaven finds most despicable: a deep sense of entitlement and a need for excessive admiration.The quality self-righteousness is one most derided by Milton. He fought against the monarchy that abused the power that they claimed to be a divine right. Mil ton insisted on human rational freedom and the intrinsic ability to make responsible decisions. In his Second Defense of the People of England, Milton articulates his idea of true liberty: Unless your liberty be of that kind, which can neither be gotten, nor taken away by arms; and that alone is such, which, springing from piety, justice, temperance, in fine, from real virtue, shall take deep and intimate root in your minds; you may be assured, there will not be wanting one, who, even without arms, will speedily deprive you of what it is your boast to have gained by force of arms. Miltons dramatic depiction of Satan and his demonic council iterate those behaviors, by members of the monarchy, church or otherwise, that only demonstrate a superficial sense of liberty with an underlying vein of evil intentions. The democratic decision to pervert mankind demonstrates how an evil act can appear good; the means by which the decision was made justifies the decision itself. This scene both s atirizes and demonstrates Miltons cynicism towards political establishments and their abuse of power. Ironically, in his attempt to mock the arrogance of English monarchy in their belief of the divine right of kings, Milton himself falls prey to arrogance in his own belief of his divinely guided intellect.Milton proclaims that Paradise Lost would be the greatest epic poem written, and that his song would soar / above th Aonian mount, while it pursues / things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme (I: 16-17). He invariably succeeds, but Milton asserts that the great epic was conveyed to him by the Holy Spirit. William Blake, another poet and political activist, states that Milton was a true Poet and of the Devils party without knowing it. Blake, although having great respect for Milton, points out that Milton mirrors some of the characteristics of the Devils party that he created. Milton resembles his own Satan not in his deceitful or treacherous mannerisms, but in arrogance. Milton, too , craved admiration and grandeur, and believed his poetic skills were less than divinely inspired.Miltons purpose in Paradise Lost is to justify the ways of God to man, yet Satan is the focal point of the majority of the poem. In contrast to a God that is perpetually ambiguous throughout Paradise Lost, Miltons Satan is guiltily tangible, possessing qualities that we are not only familiarize with, but respect. Heroes, such as the great Achilles and Odysseus, are known to be arrogant in certain respects, and perhaps it is that heightened self-confidence that is so reassuring. Milton ingeniously creates a web of belief that Satan is in fact the protagonist to exemplify his point that those who may be esteemed as heroes, or who that are raised / above his fellows with monarchal pride be possessed by less than virtuous motives (II: 428).

Causes And Consequences Of Death - 1863 Words

According to the lecture textbook, a few of the ten leading causes of death are acknowledged as being associated with nutrition, including heart disease, cancers, and diabetes mellitus. Another leading cause of death that may be affected by nutritional considerations is strokes. A stroke is an occurrence in which the blood flow to the brain is cut off. This takes away nutrients and oxygen from the brain, causing brain cells to die. A healthy diet can reduce one’s risk for obtaining medical conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, coronary artery disease and obesity. All of those medical conditions can increase a person’s chance of getting a stroke. A stroke can destroy a person s nutritional health for the reason†¦show more content†¦Lifestyle factors are quite essential to establish whether that proneness will be conveyed by that person. Genetics and lifestyle often work collectively. The greater the number of risk factors one encounters, the greater the chances of unpleasant outcomes on his or her health, education, and development. There are some ways to lessen the effect of possible risk factors. First, having a good understanding of risk factors gives a wonderful foundation from which to develop strategies for a plan. Now genetics is a risk factor that cannot be changed, but knowing that lifestyle factors are what establishes whether one would inhabit proneness to a disease, altering some lifestyle choices can help reduce effects. For instance, avoiding smoking, or at least minimizing exposure to tobacco, can help reduce a person’s risk of cancers, hypertension, strokes, and atherosclerosis. If an individual performed aerobic physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day and maintained a healthy body weight, that would gradually be beneficial to preventing several chronic diseases, including diabetes and obesity. Altering dietary factors, such as limiting sugar intake, sodium intake, and excessive calories, can further prevent cancers, obesity, and diabetes. Looking over my 5-day food records and my Intake vs Goals report I have some strengths and weaknesses in the way I currently eat. My

Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court Judge - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1991 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Supreme Court Essay Did you like this example? On July 1, 1982, seventeen year old Brett Kavanaugh attended a conventional high school party. Students sat around drinking, playing games, and talking amongst themselves. Teenagers were together having a good time, as they would at any other party. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court Judge" essay for you Create order It was a symbol of typical, American, high school that everyone has probably seen at some point, whether it be on TV or in reality. However, at this party, fifteen year old Christine Ford made an appearance. Thirty-six years later, Ford made the incendiary claim that Kavanaugh forced her to a room in the house where this party was taking place. She alleged that he proceeded to try and remove her clothing while pinning her down and holding her to the bed. She could not scream, as he gripped his hand over her mouth. Ford recounts how she escaped her attacker: The stairwell, the living room, the bedroom, the bed on the right side of the room as you walk into the room, there was a bed to the right the bathroom in close proximity,the laughter, the uproarious laughter, and the multiple attempts to escape, and the final ability to do so (Ford, as cited, Reston). In September of 2018, Brett Kavanaugh was nominated to become a Justice on the Supreme Court. Once this nomination became public, Ford came forward with her claim of violent assault from Kavanaugh when she was 15. Christine Ford mentioned in her testimony that, the assault drastically altered her life, noting that she struggled to get her act together during her first two years at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and dealt with unwelcome memories of the incident as an adult (Reston). After she came forward with this accusation, an investigation was started, by the FBI, into her and Kavanaughs past and life as teenagers. Not long after Ford, Deborah Ramirez, another victim from Boulder, Colorado, came out with a similar statement accusing Kavanaugh of assault: Thirty-five years ago, the other students in the room chose to laugh and look the other way as sexual violence was perpetrated on me by Brett Kavanaugh. As I watch many of the Senators speak and vote on the floor of the Senate I feel like Im right back at Yale where half the room is laughing and looking the other way. Only this time, instead of drunk college kids, it is US Senators who are deliberately ignoring his behavior. This is how victims are isolated and silenced (Ramirez). Christine Ford and Deborah Ramirez have been brave in calling out a powerful, public figure like Brett Kavanaugh. Many people believe that it was a ploy created by the democrats to delay his confirmation into the court. The investigation that followed these allegations did delay his confirmation, but only by 10 days. Now, Brett Kavanaugh states that, My family and my name have been totally and permanently destroyed by vicious and false additional accusations. The 10-day delay has been harmful to me and my family, to the Supreme Court and to the country (Kavanaugh). Christine Ford speaks about the effect of this on her life, Bretts assault on me drastically altered my life. For a very long time, I was too afraid and ashamed to tell anyone these details. (Ford). Kavanaughs and Fords statements substantially contradict each other. Kavanaugh says that these false accusations are ruining his life, whereas Christine Ford says how much his assault on her has ruined her life. Since both are so adamant that they are telling the truth, a quite thorough investigation should have taken place; not the same FBI agents looking through the same statements and coming to the same conclusion. They continued to investigate, but only closely enough so it appeared as if they were trying. It was somewhat of a sham. They should have had multiple teams looking at any shred of evidence they could find to try and determine which side was lying about this situation. This is a hard task to accomplish, but bringing in investigators with little to no bias who are only there to look at evidence and a make a decision would have been more effective in this case. When Deborah Ramirez came out with a statement making the same accusation about Judge Kavanaugh, his claim of innocence became more questionable. Due to the weakness of Kavanaughs response to Deborah Ramirezs and Christine Fords statements, it is clear that his innocence is not certain and a more thorough investigation should have taken place before his confirmation to the Supreme Court. There are several arguments saying that Kavanaugh would not assault a woman at all. Many statements have been made in his defense. However, they are weak and easily countered. These arguments in the defense of the judge are questionable. The arguments have little evidence, and in many cases, encourage and defend a culture where rape is considered normal and even excused by the media. Those in defense of Judge Kavanaugh say things that almost make excuses for Kavanaughs suspected actions. One source explains his good deeds, Look at all the good stuff hes done; hes an altar boy and a scout. Many people who do good stuff also commit terrible wrongs; the question is whether the accused did what his accuser said he did (Williams). Simply because someone has done good things does not mean they would never do bad things. Another makes the excuse of boys being boys, What boy hasnt done this in high school? You cant judge a mans character based on what he did at 17! (Time). A boys ac tions should not be excused by the fact that he is 17 and these things supposedly happen to everyone in high school. Rape does not just happen to everyone and it is not part of high school boys being boys. It is not an accident, or something that happens because someone is only 17 and doesnt know any better. These people have defended Kavanaugh and made excuses for his actions. How can you excuse someone who caused permanent psychological damage to another human being? Do we want someone like that making important decisions for our country? These statements are weak and disputable. The fact that they are trying to excuse him makes him appear a bit more guilty. If someone kills a person at 17 years old, it is not excused with the argument that they were only 17, these things just happen, so why should rape be any different? These allegations against Kavanaugh are destroying his life (Williams). The allegations should not be stopped because they are destroying his life, they should only stop when it has been proven that he is innocent through a thorough investigation of the evidence, statements, and witnesses, which did not happen. It was a quick investigation, The inquiry, which will last no more than a week, is a limited background check of Judge Kavanaugh, not a full-fledged criminal investigation, that they got over with so that he could be appointed without further delay (Shear). People on the opposite side of this believe that either Kavanaugh did not commit any kind of sexual assault crime, or that if he did, it does not still affect him and should be considered irrelevant. It was 36 years ago, after so much time shes still stuck on that? (Williams). No matter how much time passes, people who have been sexually assaulted will always carry that PTSD and fear with them. Of course she is still stuck on that (Williams). These women who were allegedly assaulted by Judge Kavanaugh do not want it to happen to anyone else, nor do they want a man like that in such a respected position of power. If it were true, she would have said something sooner. There are many reasons that victims of sexual assault find it difficult to speak up, not just sooner but at all (Time). Our culture makes it hard for victim to speak up without feeling ashamed, especially when calling out a man in such a power position. The people that make the argument that because it was so long ag o and he was 17 makes it irrelevant are not making the best decision. It will never be irrelevant to Ford and Ramirez. Being assaulted changes someone forever. The fact that Kavanaugh was only a 17 year old high school boy means nothing. Plenty of 17 year olds dont go around raping women and using their age and lack of maturity as an excuse. On october 3, 2018, a third accuser stepped forward with a statement that Brett Kavanaugh had raped her. Ms. Munro-Leighton from Oceanside, CA, made a statement on October 3, 2018 that Judge Brett Kavanaugh raped her in the backseat of a car. However, on November 3, 2018 she admitted that this was a lie. According to The Washington Times, Sen. Charles E. Grassley, chairman of the Judiciary Committee revealed the fraud in a letter to the FBI and Justice Department Friday, asking them to prosecute Judy Munro-Leighton for lying to and obstructing Congress (Dinan). When Munro-Leighton was interrogated and questioned by the investigators on the case, she finally came clean about the lie she told. She admitted it was false, a ploy, and a tactic. She was opposed to Judge Kavanaughs confirmation (Dinan). Munro-Leighton is a strong democrat. She did not want Mr. Kavanaugh to be confirmed into his position of respect on the Supreme Court. When women make false accusations of rape like this, it makes it harder for true victims to be heard and down plays their struggle. Since Ms. Munro-Leighton was lying and admitted to it, she makes Ramirez and Ford look as if they are lying as well. It also makes it appear that this whole situation was a plan created by the democrats to delay or even stop his confirmation into the court. These women could have been paid off to say these things about Kavanaugh, or they could have done it on their own because of their personal dislike of the judge. Brett Kavanaugh claims that his reputation was damaged by these allegations, but that does not compare to the alleged personal trauma and pain caused to Christine Ford and Deborah Ramirez and their families. Just because someone is a good person does not mean that they never do bad things. All of the good things that Kavanaugh has done does not mean that he is incapable of sexual assault, or any other misconduct. If he did in fact commit this crime, it should not be excused by the fact that it was so long ago and he was only 17. Those things should not matter. It does not make the crime any less real to these two women affected, so it should still be a big deal to us. However, because Ms. Munro-Leighton admitted to her lie and ploy to delay this confirmation, it does make it appear as if the other two women could be doing the same. Brett Kavanaugh may be innocent. Although, a further and more thorough investigation would have made that more clear and made a solid decision in this c ase, leaving no room for what ifs.  Works Cited Ball, Molly. The Cost to the Court. Time. 8 October 2018. https://web-a-ebscohost-com.library.westernwyoming.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=10sid=7dd0f57d-4de8-4955-b36b-f68dc9066ace%40sdc-v-sessmgr05bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=132004251db=aph. 5 November 2018. Dinan, Stephen. Another Kavanaugh Accuser Admits to Fabricating Rape Story. The Washington Times. 3 November 2018. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/3/another-kavanaugh-accuser-admits-fabricating-rape-/ 12 November 2018. Mogensen, Jackie. Kavanaugh Accuser Deborah Ramirez: This Is How Victims Are Isolated and Silenced. Mother Jones. 6 October 2018. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/10/brett-kavanaugh-accuser-debbie-ramirez-statement-drunk-college-kids/ 13 November 2018. Reston, Maeve. I will never forget: Christine Blasey Ford Recounts Her Trauma in Raw Testimony. CNN. 27. September 2018. https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/27/politics/christine-blasey-ford-raw-testimony/index.html 13 November 2018. Shear, Michael. Details of F.B.I.s Kavanaugh Inquiry Show Its Restricted Range. The New York Times. 29 September 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/us/politics/kavanaugh-fbi-inquiry.html. 13 November 2018.

Persuasive Essay on Effect of Environment on Person

Persuasive Essay on Effect of Environment on Person Effect of Environment on Person’s Upbringing As soon as a person is conceived, it starts being influenced by many factors. The first 9 months the influence is filtered by mother, as the child is living and developing in her belly. Then, he comes to this world and everything changes at once. The child becomes a full-fledged member of the family and of the environment, although often adults don’t consider him to be one till the age of 3, or even later. I will try to explain why they are wrong. The first years of a person’s life are extremely important for his future, as within this period foundation for everything is being laid. And it is clear that without proper basis nothing can go well: a building will be wrecked, a dish will be unsavory, etc. As far as a human being is concerned, the scale of the problem is much greater. Thus, it is extremely important for a person to be brought up in proper environment. Scientists have already agreed that proper and facilitating surrounding is even more important than heredity. The child has to be embraced in respect, love and trust. In this way he will understand that there is nothing bad and frightening in the world and will acquire such important traits as self-confidence, trustfulness and ability to love. So much depends on the parents, but, unfortunately, too many of them consider their children to be too imperfect and deficient to be perceived as equals. They can’t be more wrong. If all the parents succeed to create proper environment for their children, our world will become so much better. We will be surrounded by strong personalities with profound knowledge in so many spheres of life. Our children can become so much better than we; the only thing we have to do is let them. They deserve such attitude, so let’s not let them down.

Crime Rates, Trends, And Variations - 931 Words

Introduction Every day we tend to hear that the crime rate is up, or that it seem like crime is taking over America, but is that really true? What do we really know about the crime rate? And what do we understand about violent crime rates, trends, and variations? We will discuss these issues to gain a better understanding about the UCR system. FBI UCR for Georgia When I checked my state, which is GA and compared what I have been told by some of my associates from the Augusta, Georgia Richmond Country Sheriff department it was what I expected, which was that crime rates were going down. So, there were no surprise there at all. It showed me that between, 2012 - 2013 that we had some decrease in violent crimes, for instance, in 2012 based on the population of â€Å"9,915,646 we had a total 37,675 violent crimes, and in 2013 based on the population of 9,992,167 there were only a total of 35,943 violent crimes† (â€Å"Crime in the†, 2013). So there was a â€Å"-4.6 percent change in violent crimes within those two years, and within the violent crime rate per 100,000: was 380.0 for 2012, and in 2013 was 357.9 that there was an overall percent change of -5.3† (â€Å"Crime in the†, 2013). Why has it dropped? Well most LEOs believe that it has dropped because of proactive arrests, faster responses to 911 calls, higher number of LEOs on the streets, community policing, and more random patrols. Thereby all of these reasons could help crime rates go down, but one can never tell with criminals. But, forShow MoreRelatedThe Crime Of Uniform Crime1427 Words   |  6 Pages Uniform Crime Report for 2014 states that there are four offenses in the Violent Crime category, they include Murder, Forcible Rape, Robbery and Aggravated Assault. They only collect their data from Law Enforcement Agencies from their arrest reports. According to The Uniform Crime Report, Property Crime includes these four offenses, Burglary, Larceny/ Theft, Motor Vehicle Theft and Arson. The Uniform Crime Report reported that there were 402,470 violent crime arrests in 2014 compared to 1,275,315Read MoreA Look at Crime from a Sociological Perspective1020 Words   |  4 PagesCrime A Look into Crime from a Sociological Perspective Introduction Crime is considered to be some breech or violation of behaviors which stand in opposition of rules or norms instituted by some governing body. Some actions are considered to be crimes throughout most societies in history; murder or physical abuse can serve as an example as an example. However, the majorities of things that are considered crimes are more of a subjective nature and vary widely in different societies. In many societiesRead MoreMeasuring The Validity Of The Figures For Doncaster Town Centre871 Words   |  4 Pagescommon problem. Results showed a 16% decrease in crime rates in Doncaster town centre. However there was evidence of geographical displacement to the surrounding towns that showed a 31% increase in crime rates. This therefore affects the validity of the figures for Doncaster because taking both figures into account the overall reduction in crime is only 6% (Skinns, 1998). It is difficult to measure displacement because the surrounding areas where crime has su pposedly been displaced to may show theseRead MoreLaw Enforcement Assignment1634 Words   |  7 Pagesworkload-based techniques, and authorized level methods. Accordingly, Wilson and Weiss (2014) conducted a literature review for secondary information and interviews for primary data geared towards establishing and assessing the extant experiences and trends in staffing allocation. The interviews were undertaken among practitioners drawn from 20 varied agencies in America and a national focus group, which included 21 staffing professionals (Wilson Weiss, 2014). The article also examined the weaknessesRead MoreCrime And The Criminal Justice System1561 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction: Over the past 30 years, crime has become a major issue of public concern, of political discussion and action, often intemperate and not likely to reduce crime, and of major public expenditure. Despite its salience in public arena, very little is known about the factors driving the crime trend, and the knowledge base is too limited to support intelligent forecasts of the direction in which crime rates are moving, especially when changing direction. Developing suchRead MorePast and Current Trends1207 Words   |  5 PagesPast and Current Trends Drugs and alcohol have played a role in American society for many years. There is, however, a wider variety of drugs available today than ever before and with this wider variety there comes a wider range of addictive qualities and health related risks that individuals who take these drugs are subjected. Habit forming drugs were introduced into American society as far back as the 1700s. These drugs were widely used for medicinal purposes without any knowledge of their addictiveRead MoreAge And Crime Relationship Chart1126 Words   |  5 PagesResearch proposal Age and crime relationship In an age and crime relationship chart, we can see that some population involved in crimes tends to climax in age of adolescence or early stage of adulthood. Then, it declines at the same rate with age. I am really wonder is age plays a crucial role for people who committed crime? I want to focus on when a person in a certain age, what will be some reason for the person to commit crimes. Is this universal or can be said similar crimes regardless of locationRead MoreThe Role Of Homicide Rates And A Variation Of Studies985 Words   |  4 PagesChile: Trends 2000 - 2012 I. NAME. Cole J. Leaf II. CLASS. Introduction to Justice A110 ? Monday and Wednesday 2:30-3:45 III. DATE. Wednesday, October 26, 2016 at 2:30 PM IV. ARTICLE CITATION Otzen, T., Sanhueza, A., Manterola, C., Melnik, T., Hetz, M. (2015, December/January). Homicide in Chile: Trends 2000 ? 2012. BMC Psychiatry. DOI:10.1186/s12888-015-0632-5 V. SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE. This article is the breakdown of homicide rates and a variation of studies on this particular crime doneRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Reporting System1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Uniform Crime Reporting System (UCR) is a voluntary city, university and college, county, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement program that provides a nationwide view of crime based on the submission of statistics by law enforcement agencies throughout the country (â€Å"UCR, 2013). The UCR crime statistics are used in many ways and serve many purposes. It provides resources for different audiences such as businesses, intelligence partners, law enforcement, communities, crime victims, parentsRead MoreClassical Criminology And Modern Criminology1412 Words   |  6 Pages‘offender’ can result in the overlooking of crucial details that may have facilitated the offence. Such details can include low-socio economic upbringing, mental health issues or social inequali ty. Therefore, when dealing with youth crime in Melbourne, only a limited amount of crime is explainable as classical criminology lacks the ability to take extenuating circumstances into consideration. The main focus of classical criminology is centred around the cost-benefit analysis principle. Classical criminology

The Assassination That Changed the Nation - 1207 Words

In January of 1961, John F. Kennedy, or usually known by his initials JFK, became the 35th President of the United States. He was sworn in at the young age of 43, becoming the youngest man elected to office and the first of the Roman Catholic faith. Kennedy, a distinguished man of confidence, was known for his good looks, irresistible personality, and oratory skills. Kennedy is said to have â€Å"brought to public life not only the hard assets of leadership, but the rarest capacity to illuminate ideas by the grace of his personality and the clarity of his speech† (Freeman, par 5). Justin ONeill in his article, â€Å"The Day The President Was Shot,† continues the idea stated by Freeman, asserting that â€Å"many Americans saw Kennedy as a symbol of hope†¦show more content†¦1. JFKs assassination, Dallas, Texas, November 1963 Life magazine comment on the photos from the Zapruder film, with praise, â€Å"a remarkable and exclusive serious of pictures which show for the first time and in tragic detail, the fate which befell our President† (â€Å"JFKs Assassination, Frame By Frame: Key Stills From The Zapruder Film† par ). The historical photo of President John F. Kennedys assassination was one of the first shocking events of that decade, because it captured the ill fate of a great president, murder in broad daylight, and displayed Kennedy as a hero. The event affected individuals on a personal level. Morrow et al. claims â€Å"his [Kennedys] assassination much more profoundly affected the course of America than anything he did while he was in the White House† (par 43). Expanding on Morrows claims, Ross states that President Kennedys assassination â€Å"brought the nation together in a way not seen since the attack of Pearl Harbor in 1940† (par 23). Although, JFK was only in offic e for a little over a thousand days, he transformed the country that placed him in the White House. His administration catalyzed a series of events that set forth American progress. Gary Willis, a Kennedy revolutionist, insists that the â€Å"extraordinary glamor and heightened expectations that Kennedy bought to office have crippled all of his successors† (Morrow et al. Par 44). It is said that noShow MoreRelated60’s in America Essay examples870 Words   |  4 PagesPeople’s way of life had completely changed at the turn of the decade. It was the first decade to be radically different, then one’s before. It is the decade to set the trends of all to come. It started a large progressive movement, it created distrust throughout the country, and finally an innovative time that set the path to the technology era. The United States, during the 1960’s was a very progressive time for our country; the way people lived there life changed dramatically and has not been theRead MoreThe Assassination of Malcolm X Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican-American Unity. Four men were involved in the assassination, but only one was convicted: Talmadge Hayer (a.k.a. Thomas Hagan). The theory accepted by most historians is that the government ordered the assassination of Malcolm X. There is significant evidence to support this theory. One key component in the government theory is the New York Bureau of Special Services, B.O.S.S., an extremely covert spy agency (Hutchinson 1). A week before his assassination, Malcolm’s house was firebombed. AlthoughRead MoreWas Malcolm X Justified Or Unjustified923 Words   |  4 PagesWas Malcolm X’s assassination justified or unjustified? Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21, 1965 in the audubon ballroom in Washington Heights, New York City. Malcolm X was assassinated before he was about to give a speech about his newly formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Malcolm X’s shooter was Thomas Hagan a former member of the Nation Of Islam. Malcolm X’s assassination was unjustified through deep and complex research such as â€Å"just before Malcolm X was assassinated he wasRead MoreJulius Caesar And Abraham Lincoln716 Words   |  3 Pageswestern frontier in Kentucky and Indiana. He was the first U.S. president born outside of the original thirteen states. Though Lincoln was mostly self-educated he rose to become a lawyer, a politician, and finally achieving the highest office of the nation. On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected the 16th president of the United States. Shortly after seven slave states left the Union to form the Confederate States of America and the Civil War broke out. He preserved the Union during this trying timeRead MoreThe Assassination Of President Abraham Lincoln Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most tragic moments throughout all American history in my opinion is the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. With no surprise I am writing about certain event that occurred leading up to, during, and after this unfortunate event. This historical event is clouded with conspiracy but I will try to avoid specifics of that particular view. Abraham Lincoln was born in a little town located within Hardin Country, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 (www.whitehouse.gov/abrahamlincoln). HeRead MoreLincolns Assassination: Foreshadowing the Implementation of the Secret Service, FBI, and CIA1181 Words   |  5 Pagesmiddle of the nineteenth century, the civil war proved to divide the nation. When the nation finally came back together, it was broken again shortly after. On April 15th, 1865 the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C. This was the first successful attempt to have a president assassinated while in office. After unsuccessful attempts, the first successful assassination of the president pointed out gaping flaws in the government. The firstRead MoreNationalism and the Origins of World War One910 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup will have a common factor of race, language, culture or religion. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the Austrian Archduke during the time of 1914, sparked off an already existing conflict between Austria and Serbia. The force of Nationalism influenced this conflict between Serbia and Austria due to the nationalistic views of the Serbian people. The conflict that occurred on the 28th June 1914 was the assassination of the Austrian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand. While he and his wife were visitingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement 1104 Words   |  5 Pagestwenty-one shots, four assassinations, one nation, and a changed world all effected throughout the 1960s. There were many distresses throughout the 1960s. Some of the main ones included the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Robert Kennedy and John Kennedy. The aftermath of all these deaths greatly affected the United States and the people in it. Each one of these men had a huge impression on a certain group in America that they broke a barrier for. The nation mourned and wept overRead MoreAnalysis Of Malcolm X By William F. Martin Luther King Jr.975 Words   |  4 PagesHaley told his story to millions who had never heard it before. His name was Malcolm X. As the title of the book suggests, The Autobiography of Malcolm X tells the life story of Malcolm Little from his childhood in Lancing, Michigan, up to his assassination (told in the epilogue) in 1965. His childhood was rough, his father was killed by a racist mob, and his mother was committed to a mental home when he was young. After moving to Boston to live with his sister, Malcolm fell in with the various â€Å"hustlers†Read MoreThe Assassination Of Robert F. Kennedy1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe tumultuous events that took place in 1968 effectively transformed the face of the nation in every aspect; economically, socially, and politically. Failed military tactics, assassinations, and violent civil rights movements were the defining characteristics of 1968. Despite the few good things that came out of that year, much of 1968 was dedicated to rebuilding the country, tragedy after tragedy. The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, involvement in the Vietnam War, and escalating civil rights movements

Regret free essay sample

Regret. It is a feeling that can strike without warning. For instance, I once went to school without realizing it was my best friends birthday. I felt embarrassed that I had forgotten, but later, I was full of regret because I had not been mentally tied to my best friends birthday. Or in other words, my mind missed the opportunity to be in a celebratory mood, and thus, I was at a loss. So, I have learned forgetting tends to be a regretful thing. Now imagine forgetting about life in general. Forget the little things that encompass it and make it so genuine, inspiring, and miraculous. Forget about animals, trees, flowers, clouds, stars, soil, rain, and the rest of nature. Forget about your family and friends. Forget about your heritage. Forget about what makes you laugh and smile and what makes you warm and fuzzy inside. Now, what is left in the world? There is nothing left to sustain the soul. It is hard to think someone can forget about the blessings of life. After all, we see them around us every day. But people have a problem, not necessarily with recalling what is around them, but in remembering to incorporate lifes little miracles into their minds and bodies. What I get worried about is whether people are alive. For instance, at school I sometimes find it very difficult to be myself amidst the pressures coming from technology, my classes, and my peers. One time it felt like I became a machine on a mission to gobble up knowledge and spit out straight As. Then, it transcended to my home, where I became oblivious to my family. And at night, when I fell asleep, my mind did not dream, because on that day nothing memorable or exciting happened in my life. I look back at my life as of yet, and I see some gaps. I cannot recall memories of those periods, and even worse, memories of my family and friends, because I was mesmerized into some artificial persona. Now as my life at home approaches an end, the regret tends to manifest itself when I feel happy or when I am around the people I love. It is painful, but all I can do is learn from my regret. On the path of life we can get lost in the worlds superficiality without even realizing it. What is really meaningful and beautiful to us becomes skewed, which makes for a perverse perception of what is around us. The issue here is not in our inability to remember facts and data, but when we fail to avoid the tragedy of the mundane. It is human to forget, but if we are to remember anything, especially in this world so full of distraction and deceit, it is to use our gift of life to the fullest. For as Mary Oliver once wrote: I dont want to end up having simply visited this world.

Dominant Economic Characteristics free essay sample

Degree of Vertical Integration: How prevalent is backward (suppliers) and forward integration (distributors, retailers). Ease of Entry/Exit: Barriers to enter/leave the industry. EX: Moderate entry barriers exist in the form of capital requirements to construct a new plant of minimum efficient size (cost equals $10 million) and ability to build a customer base inside a 250-mile radius of plant Technology/Innovation: What is the pace of technological change in both productions, process innovation and new products introductions? Product Characteristics: Goods/services highly differentiated, weakly differentiated or essentially identical? Buyers perceive little real difference from seller to seller? Scale Economies: What impact does large volume have on – purchasing, mfg, transportation, and marketing? Experience Curve What is the impact of learning and experience in this industry? Capacity Utilization: Do you only achieve low cost production efficiency with high levels of capacity? EX: Manufacturing efficiency is highest between 90-100 percent of rated capacity; below 90 percent utilization unit costs run significantly higher Industry Profitability: Is it above or below the norm? Do profits track the strength of demand for the industry’s products? Impact on prices?

Essay Topics - Choosing The Best One

Essay Topics - Choosing The Best OneAs you are preparing for your college essays, one of the more common concerns is the type of essay topics that will get you accepted into the best colleges and universities. There are plenty of good essay topics out there to choose from. Some of the most common ones include the topic of a religious perspective and essay questions, perhaps the first topic of your essay. Some of the other common ones are questions related to your personal experiences and your life at this time.When you are searching for the right essay topics for your essay, it would be better if you can find a few sources that can guide you through the different topics that are required by some institutions. These sources might include your parents or the college that you have applied to. Even though you may not believe this, you may need to consult an academic adviser about certain topics you want to tackle.When you are looking for essay topics, there are a lot of things that you c an consider. For example, some of the topics you might want to do are food, religion, and sports. With sports, you can look at events such as the Olympics, professional games, etc. If you are a vegan, you can do research about the veggie burgers, pizza, and pasta.Oral history will help you get the best from your subject matter, so you should always keep in mind that you should write about this. You might want to consider writing about your favorite sports teams or sports personalities and athletes. This would give you the opportunity to add your own personal opinions to the subject matter.Some of the other unique essay topics that you can think about are written on topics that are about the end of the world, and a personal approach to death. Of course, you should always be careful when using topics like these. You have to avoid using them to make a point and because youare only interested in writing about death, but you should also make sure that you focus on the topic.You might thi nk that writing a different topic than what is commonly used will be easy, but there are a lot of different types of topics you can try. You have to keep in mind that you have to remember how often the person you are writing for would not see the topic you are writing about.So, while you are trying to decide on essay topics for your essay, it would be best if you think about how your audience will read your essay and then think about the best topic that you can use. A great way to ensure that your ideas will be recognized is to know how your audience would read your essay.

A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) Essay Example

A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) Paper A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HU) BY datsY27101989 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY OF STUDY PROJECT REPORT TITLE: A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HOI) Date of submission: 16/05/2013 Name: VO THI KIM COC Supervisors Name: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Hung Tien Tutors Name : Le Huong Hoa, M. A l certify that this work is entirely my own and has not been accepted as part of a submission to another purpose elsewhere. Signed: Word length: words ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study has been completed with the help and support of many people. Therefore, I am grateful to all of them. Most importantly, I wish to give my special acknowledgement to Mr. Le Hung Tien, my supervisor, who has made a significant contribution to the success of this research. He shaped me on the path toward being an independent researcher. I also would like to give my thanks for Ms. Le Huong Hoa, my tutor. Dear Ms. Hoa, thank you for your initial ideas of the research topic and your support during the time I was conducting the research. We will write a custom essay sample on A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HUI) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You have invested a lot of energy and valuable time counseling and correcting my study. Without your help and support, I would have been in much trouble completing my study. Working with you, I have learned a lot of valuable knowledge and experiences in doing research. Besides, I would like to Mrs. Dinh Thi Hoa, lecturer of Faculty of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry, who gave me advice on my study. Her advice and guidance helped me overcome difficulties while I was implementing the research. No acknowledgement would be completed without thanking my parents who always nspired me so much in finishing this research. I also want to give acknowledgement to my friends who spent their time to help me analyze my paper and provide insightful comments. TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPERVISORS REMARKS Grade: Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Hung Tien ABSTRACT The research carried out under the title A study on the difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The obstacles in teaching and learning speaking skill are surveyed in some selected classes and observed by the researcher. Interviews are also organized o get supplementary results for the questionnaires. All the quantitative and qualitative methods are conveyed to get data for the research. As the result, teachers and students have different difficulties in teaching and learning speaking skill. In classes, the teachers surveyed meet difficulties with the large size of classes, studentslow motivation, studentsinsuffcient English competence, and so on while students meet obstacles such as difficult lessons, teachers unsuitable teaching methods, and the worries of making mistakes. In summary, all the difficulties originate from objective and subjective reasons. The rationale of the study: Nowadays, English plays an important role in the society. The number of people English speaking is becoming popularly. Speaking skill is one of the inevitable skills in learning English. Penny Ur (1996:120) noted, Speaking seems intuitively the most important in four basic skills. In fact, through speaking, people can express their opinions, make social contact with others people, establish rapport. In some situation, we use English speaking to give instructions or to get things done. That is also a reason why today more and more people learn to speak English. Most of the learners of English agree that the ability to express themselves freely in communication is the great importance for their future career, especially in modern societies where contacting with foreigners often occurs. However, there still exist many difficulties in learning and teaching English in Vietnam in general and at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (HOI) in particular. Many Vietnamese learners can write and read English quite well but they cannot speak it correctly and fluently in real-life communication. Surely, there are many reasons for this reality. After teaching the non-English major tudents especially freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry for some years, I have recognized some big obstacles which prevent English language teachers and learners in Vietnam from achieving their aims. These obstacles are: large and heterogeneous classes, students low level of English language proficiency, students low motivation and some others. Unfortunately, this is not only the situation in these universities but also the case for many other colleges and universities in Vietnam. This has given me the desire to conduct A study on the difficulties in teaching and of Industry 2. Aims of the study: The research investigates the reality of teaching and learning English speaking skill to non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The main goal of the research is to identify the difficulties of teacher and students when they deal with speaking skill. 3. Research questions of the study: 1 . What are the difficulties of teacher at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when teaching English speaking to non-English major freshmen? 2. What are the difficulties of non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when learning the English speaking? 4. The scope of the study: Teaching and learning the English speaking skill is a wide field for research. In the scope of this study due to the limited time and knowledge, the study focuses on difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking to the first-year students of non-English major at HI-Jl. 5. Methods of the study: To fullflll the above aims, the investigator has chosen both qualitative and quantitative methods for the study. Data for analysis are gained through the following sources: Survey questionnaires: this method is used to find out the difficulties the teacher and first-year students of non-English major at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry when they learn and teach English speaking. The questionnaires are useful for getting data of the attitudes and behaviors of the teachers and learners when facing these difficulties. It is very convenient for the significant in getting more qualitative data by getting closer to the objects of the study. Moreover, observation done by the researcher is leading to more objective data and open new perspective of the study. 6. Design of the study: This minor study consists of two parts: Part A- INTRODUCTION: states the rationale, aims, research questions, the scope, ethod and design of the study. Part B- DEVELOPMENT: includes three chapters: Chapter I -LITERATURE REVIEW: provides theoretical background that is relevant to the purpose of the study. Chapter II -METHODOLOGY: presents the methodology of the study including the research context, methods of study, research design. Chapter Ill -FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: deals with the data analysis of two questionnaires designed for English teachers and non-English major freshmen to find out their difficulties in teaching and learning speaking skill. PART S: DEVELOPMENT 1. 1. Speaking Skill: 1. 1. 1 . Concepts of Speaking: Speaking is the productive, oral skill. Speaking consists of producing systematic verbal utterances to convey meaning (utterances are simply things people say). According to Carter David Nunans book (2001 :19), speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information and it is often spontaneous, open-ended and evolving, but it is not completely unpredictable. Speaking is fundamental to human communication. Different linguistics has different concepts of speaking but they are all agreeing with this idea. Brown also defines in her book speaking as an process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing information, (1994:241). In Brown and Yules opinions in teaching the Spoken Language book (1983:236), spoken language consists of short, fragmentary utterances in a range of pronunciation. Usually, there is a great deal of repetition and overlap between one speaker and another. Speaker usually uses non-specific references. They also add that spoken language is made by using the loosely organized syntax, and non-specific words, phrases and filters such as Oh, well, uhuh, etc. A comprehensive discussion of the nature of speaking is provided by Bygate (1991 59), who shows that in order to be able to speak a foreign language, it is obviously necessary to have micro-linguistic skills, that is, to understand some grammar, vocabulary and the rules governing how words are put together to form sentences. However, these motor-perceptive skills, as Bygate calls them, are not sufficient since while producing sentences, we often have to adapt them to the circumstances. He then presents the second set of speaking skills: the interaction skills, which involve using knowledge and basic motor- erception skills in deciding what to say and how to say it, while maintaining the intended relation with others. 1. 1. 2. The Role and Status of Speaking in Language Learning and Teaching: As it was implied in the introduction, the skill of speaking has been recently considered by many methodologists a priority in language teaching. Of all the four skills, Ur (1996: 120) concludes, speaking seems intuitively the most important. Most language learners, she adds, are primarily interested in learning to speak. Similar view is held by Nunan, who says that the ability to operate in a second anguage can be actually equated to the ability to speak that language. Hedge (2000:258) gives the evidence that speaking has recently obtained, at least from textbook writers, the attention it deserves: Learners need to develop at the same time the knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, functional language and communicative skills. Attention to the systems of language is crucial, but the development of fluency and contextual appropriate are equally important goals. The reasons for learning to speak competently are formulated as follows: Learners may need the skill to establish nd maintain relationships, to negotiate, to influence people. Speaking is the skill by which learners are assessed when the first impression is formed in Hedges book (2000: 261). 1. 2. Difficulties in Teaching and Learning to Speak English Skill: 1. 2. 1 . Difficulties from Teacher: There is no learning without teaching. So as a tool of implementing teaching plans learning. Quite a few researches have discussed the relationship between teacher talk and language learning. As Nunan (1991:203) points out: Teacher talk is of crucial importance, not only for the organization of the classroom but also for the processes f acquisition. It is important for the organization and management of the classroom because it is through language that teachers either succeed or fail in implementing their teaching plans. In terms of acquisition, teacher talk is important because it is probably the major source of comprehensible target language input the learner is likely to receive. The amount and type of teacher talk is even regarded as a decisive factor of success or failure in classroom teaching. Moreover, to make the process of teaching and learning effective, it is very essential to build a friendly, non-threatening lassroom atmosphere which is created on the basis of a close teacher-learner relationship. Therefore, inappropriate teacher pedagogical practices through not only classroom teacher talk but also classroom teacher-learner relationship have also been seen as a major contributor to the difficulties in teaching speaking skill. 1. 2. 2. Difficulties from Students: In speaking class, besides the active learners, some learners feel shy or afraid to speak or express their ideas, especially when students are being asked to give personal information or opinions. Maybe students fear to lose face in front of their lassmates. Referring to this problem, David Nunan noted in his book (1999:231), In the recent informal survey that I carried out with colleagues, reluctance to speak on the part of student was seen as their biggest challenge. In the speaking activities, pronunciation plays an important role; it is the way for students to produce clearer language when they speak. If they pronounce wrong, no one can understand what they want to say. Howatt talked about this problem in Ronald Carter and David Nunans book (2001: 14), it was essential that the learners pronunciation should be orrect before moving on to texts. Besides that, the local accent is also another reason so that they need to practice the right pronunciation. They must follow a standard accent to pronounce exactly. Another aspect of speaking that is particularly relevant for second language speakers concerns whether or not the speaking is planned or spontaneous (David Nunan, 2001:227). With speaking performance, students often have mistakes on grammatical points such as word using, tense and sentence structure because there are differences on structure, tenses, and word order between English and Vietnamese. Thus, to speak a language, one must know how the language is used in a social context Richards Renandya (2002:206). Being influenced by the mother tongue, learners sometime cannot use word appropriately and speak English like native speakers because each language has its own rules of usage. That is the main reason preventing students ability of English speaking. There are some situations happening in classroom. Teachers give students a topic to speak, but they cannot present the topic. The reason for this problem is that students do not have enough knowledge, vocabulary or they are not major in this topic. When students do not have idea to express the topic, it can be easy for students to feel boring in speaking class. Therefore, in order to improve the speaking skill, students not only understand the basic knowledge involving in many different fields but also have a large knowledge of vocabulary. As Canale and Swain proposed, competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence, which reflect the use of the linguistic system and the functional aspects of communication, respectively, Richards and Renandyas book (2002:206). CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2. 1 . Method context: . 1. 1 . Description of the English course for non-English major freshmen and its objectives at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry: The study is conducted at Ho Chi Minh university of Industry. They must spend the first two years learning Basic English. They learn integrated skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) in a 12 credit course in three semesters. Students learn the textbooks American Headway 1B, American Headway 2A, American Headway 2B. The aim of this course for non-English major freshmen is to develop students communicative competence in English. After he course, students are expected to communicate in English at the intermediate level. Students will normally learn English to communicate with other people fluently after finishing their study at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. . 1. 2. Description of the non-English major freshmen at HOI: Most of non-English major freshmen at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry must learn English from the first semester (at the beginning of the first year) to the second or third semester (at the end of the first year). They start at different levels of English and learn different majors such as Electrical, Electronic, Mechanical, Chemical Engineering, Environment, Information T echnology, Business Administration, Finance and Banking. Students who have a certain competence of English forget a part what they learned after the long time they prepared for the university entrance examination. 2. 1. 3. Description of the English teachers at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry: Most of English teachers teach English for non-English major students are from Faculty of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. Most of them graduated from some institutions r universities of training teachers of English such as Ho Chi Minh University of Pedagogy, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, or other universities in Australia, Canada and English. The qualification status of teaching contingent is that of the teachers are enthusiastic and active in teaching. The frequent meeting or discussions on how to improve the teaching and learning quality are held to get new ideas about changing teaching and learning methods as well as adapting materials appropriate to students. 2. 2. Methods of study: The study employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This is, according to WisJer. G (2001 :138) a common approach. Questionnaires are used as a kind of quantitative method of study to collect information from teachers and students. The questionnaires include both closed and open-ended questions which give teachers and students chance to express their opinions on the difficulties of teaching and learning English speaking skill. Besides that, interviews and group observation are used to get quantitative data for the study. Their in-dept thinking noted during the interview will help the researcher have more sights looks into the study issue. Moreover, observations give a condition for the researcher to check whether the teachers and students do what they say in the lessons. . 3. Research design: 2. 3. 1 . Sample and sampling: The data of the study is collected from two main sources: survey questionnaires and interviews. The survey questionnaire is conducted among 1 5 teachers who have from 3 to 10 years in teaching English to non-English major students at Ho Chi Minh University of Industry. The questionnaires for non-English major students are delivered to 150 students learning in three groups. They are first-year students who re taking part in a second semester of their English course. 2. 3. 2. Research Instruments: The data for the study comes from both a quantitative method called survey questionnaires, and two qualitative methods mainly interview and group observation. 2. 3. 3. Data analysis: Data analysis is not only the process of reading out the data collected but the process of interpreting data under the viewpoint and experience of the researcher. The analysis will bring a lot of suppositions in the research question into light. These results will be presented in forms of tables and chart that help to compare different iewpoints of teachers and students on the research problems. CHAPTER Ill: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION This part will deal with the data analysis of two questionnaires designed for English teachers and non-English major freshmen to find out their difficulties in teaching and learning English speaking skill. BOOKS: 1 . Brown, H. D. (1994). Teaching by Principles: an Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Prentice Hall. 2. Brown, G. Yule, G. (1983). Teaching the Spoken Language. Cambridge University Press. 3. Bygate. (1987). Speaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. David Nunan. 1999). Second Language Teaching Learning. Heinle Heinle Publishers. 5. Jack C. Richards and Willy A. Renandya. (2002). Methodology in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. 6. Ronald Carter David Nunan (2001). The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages. Cambridge University Press. 7. Tricia Hedge. (2000). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford University Press. 8. Ur, P. (1996). A Course in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. 9. Wisker, G. (2001), The Postgraduate Research Handbook, Palgrave Study Guides

Rio Grande Essays

Rio Grande Essays Rio Grande Essay Rio Grande Essay The chief of operations-Henry Dearer- fired a worker who had hacked into co-workers emails. There was a right for Henry to fire the employee but it seems that a consideration of her previous work performance was not included in his decision. There seems to be a lack of flexibility not to mention the hypocrisy about the decision as well. There seems to be many elements that show that there Is a disturbance In the corporate culture. Jasper saw an Importance In how each person respected their fellow workers which suggests that there Is an Involvement culture, though the employee that covertly spied Into anothers emails suggest suspicion In the culture. The act of spying can be seen as being aggressive, which Is one of the traits In a competitive culture. The lack of leadership In the Involvement culture may allow the corporate culture to lean towards the competitive type of culture. The values of integrity and honesty are judgment values and what they mean can change from person to person. They should be reworded so there is no misunderstanding to what is meant. For example, honesty should be changed to l ill always tell the truth. These values were not implemented by the management team and are evident by the way Henry misused the internet resource. There is a lack of transparency (corruption) as the employees know Henry breaks the rules and yet gets away with it but the employee gets fired when she breaks the rules. Management sets the rules but it is seen by employees that they can do and get away with anything. The employees see an inequality and it breeds distrust and resistance especially when working towards the corporate goals. The dishonesty that Dearer displayed has created a conflict of values. The employees see a double standard and this will create distrust, in turn this could increase staff turnover. This will result in highly trained personnel leaving the company, taking with them the expertise that the company relies on. The staff that chooses to remain will have a lower morale and will be disengaged from the company goals and values. In a situation that shows conflicting values, the values that the company wants to exhibit just come first. The company mission statement and vision should represent the values that are wanted. These values should promote positive outcomes for the company. Values that promote weak communication and hidden agendas give rise to chaos as compared to values that promote Indiscrimination and transparency give rise to harmony. ROI Grander By snobbier There seems to be many elements that show that there is a disturbance in the corporate culture. Jasper saw an importance in how each person respected their allow workers which suggests that there is an involvement culture, though the employee that covertly spied into anothers emails suggest suspicion in the culture. The act of spying can be seen as being aggressive, which is one of the traits in a competitive culture. The lack of leadership in the involvement culture may allow the corporate culture to lean towards the competitive type of culture.

Human Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Human Development - Essay Example Good mood is conducive for human development. Networking Good social relations are compulsory for human development in the contemporary age. Man is referred to as a social animal. This essentially means that a big part of our identity is derived from the social relations we cultivate. The society in which we live constitutes people from all professions. In order for an individual to grow, he/she needs to achieve more in less time. This is only possible when one knows the art of being in the right place in the right time. It does seem a bit odd, but it works! People use their links to get the works done in seconds that would otherwise take them days, months, or perhaps years to do. Networking connects people to others who can fulfill their needs. Reflection Reflection is a very useful exercise that is increasingly being made use of these days. People are encouraged to reflect upon their experiences on every level. For example, students are given assignments by their teachers in school s to reflect upon their experiences. By making it part of their education, educationalists are encouraging people to make reflection a necessary part of their life. â€Å"The process of reflection is an integral part of teaching practice† (une.edu.au, n.d.).

THE FASCINATION WITH RAY BAN SUNGLASSES Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE FASCINATION WITH RAY BAN SUNGLASSES - Article Example The only similarity they have is their same look in all Aviator sunglasses. The Wayfarer was also originally designed for pilots but gained more popularity amongst women. It is available in various colors like black, white, pink, red etc. Both Aviators and Wayfarers are made from various types of lenses amongst which the commonly used are polarized lenses which are beneficial for drivers (Ray Ban Aviator sunglasses: timeless fashion 2012). Ray Ban is a popular brand in the current time because the brand products are made of highest quality material thus providing excellent vision. Ray-Ban sunglasses while providing protection and comfort to eyes also looks very fashionable and stylish. Apart from Aviator and Wayfarers Ray-Ban offers various collection of eyeglasses catering to different needs of customers of all age groups. All its products are designed keeping contemporary fashion trends in mind. Ray-Ban products may be expensive but are high quality glasses. They protect eyes against harsh UV rays, are long lasting and look trendy too. The products offer excellent transmission of light through anti-reflective lenses which provide protection from all harmful rays (Evans and Berman 2003). The reason for popularity of Ray-Ban sunglasses worldwide is the brand’s consistent efforts in updating the style while maintaining the retro appeal of their products. Ray-Ban understands the need of getting closer to their consumers which helps them know their needs thus designing the products accordingly. One more technical feature of Ray-Ban sunglasses which makes it popular worldwide is the use of polarized lenses in its products. Polarized lenses provide glare protection as well as precise and sharp vision. The sunglasses are made of carbon fiber which makes them durable, light weight, comfortable and flexible for whole day wear. Ray-Ban sunglasses are thus one of the most trendy and stylish products providing best eye

Leonardo da Vincis Painting: The Last Supper | History

Leonardo da Vincis Painting: The Last Supper | History Leonardo da Vincis large mural of The Last Supper is one of the most familiar images in Western art, even though it has deteriorated to the point where its original brilliance can only be guessed at. The mural has largely been known through its repainted versions, or through touched-up copies that attempt to give some idea of what the original might have looked like. But, the various versions of the picture do little to convey how revolutionary Leonardos whole conception was. At Milan, Leonardo created a work that treated a familiar subject, but was a complete departure from the usual in terms of composition, selection of a Biblical text, iconography, use of perspective, and fresco technique. Leonardo arrived in Milan in the early 1480s, and made one of the longest stays of his career therenearly twenty years. He went to Milan to work for the controversial Sforza family, dukes of Milan, in a number of different capacities: designer, engineer, painter, sculptor, and producer of theatrical entertainments and spectacles. The Last Supper was his most important painting commission in that city. The mural, which measures 1310 x 297.5, was painted in the refectory of the ducal church of Santa Maria della Grazie in the years 1495-1498. Leonardo was an inventor and an innovator, always looking for a better way to do things. In addition, he was, one of the most influential painters of the High Renaissance. The key to understanding the revolutionary qualities of The Last Supper lies in the fact that, in the last quarter of the fifteenth century, Leonardo was engaged in creating an entirely new style of painting. He was involved in working out a solution to a problem that had confronted Florentine painters during the preceding century: the opposition between a view which took the first function of art to be that of rationally and objectively describing physical reality and one that held it to be the expression of spiritualnon-rational and subjectivevalues (Freedberg 23). Various compromises had been worked out between these two positions. But, Leonardo wanted a true blending, rather than a compromise. He did not seek to replicate reality for its own sake, nor did he choose to neglect the appearance of the real world. Instead, Leonardo believed that the painter could show that truth which intellect may find behind the facade of visible experience (Freedberg 20). The painters various tools, such as perspective or the rendering of light on surfaces, were to be used to create an overall harmony that took from the real world in order to describe the ideal. Leonardo had begun the work of creating this new style in his Adoration of the Magi (1481), which he left behind, unfinished, in Florence, when he departed for Milan. His earlier paintings in Milan show the continued development of the style, but his Last Supper was to be its major statement (Freedberg 20). He began conventionally enough. Refectories, the dining halls of the friars or monks who ran large churches, were traditionally decorated with portrayals of the Last Supper, or some other subject associated with dining. These paintings must have been considered important commissions, since their execution was often entrusted to the most popular and well-known artists of the times (Cole 45). The opposite wall usually featured a fresco of the Crucifixionsignifying the connection between the last supper, at which the sacrament of the Eucharist was instituted, and the sacrifice on the Cross, which was recreated in the sacrament. At Milan, the opposing wall featured a Crucifixion (1495) by Donato Montorfano (Pedretti 75). Leonardos drawings show that he began with the conventional seating arrangement and the depiction of the usual moments from the New Testament (Hartt 399). But, he soon changed this, and went for something new. Unfortunately, he also wanted something new in terms of techniqueand this has made it difficult to see everything else he seems to have accomplished in this work. Leonardo was a painter who could spend enormous amounts of time staring at, and thinking about his works. There are even mentions in the literature of the duke trying to get him to hurry with this particular commission (Pedretti 75). In addition, Leonardos primary concern in painting was the creation of a uniform, overall effecta vital element of his creation of a harmonious ideal. But, fresco painting had to be done in clumsy stages. The wet plaster had to be applied only to the section the painter would be able to finish in one sitting. The paint was applied to, and absorbed by, the wet plaster, and creating smooth, invisible joins between sections was a difficult problem. But for Leonardo, who wanted carefully controlled tone and light to unify his composition, it was nearly impossible. Therefore, he attempted to produce a new type of fresco, and painted directly on the dry plaster with a special oil tempera which, he was convinced, would meet the special needs of painting on plaster. But, by 1517, humidity and changing temperatures began to make the paint peel, and, within only twenty years, had become almost indecipherable. In the dramatic moment that Leonardo presented, Jesus sits with his hands outstretched, as if in resignation. He is the focal point of the composition. The twelve apostles are arranged in four groups of three, two on either side of Christ. Their faces express surprise, and horror at the thought that one of them could be guilty of anything so terrible. This allows Leonardo to present a number of figures, who are, basically, arranged in a long row, in a great variety of positions, expressing shock, surprise, protest, and curiosity. But, among the groups, one includes Peter, John and Judas. Christ is lit from in front and from behind, by the framing of his head against the center window, and all the disciples are also well lit. The single exception is Judas. It was traditional to present Judas on the other side of the table from everyone else, and as dark-haired and bearded, his expression sly (Hall 190). But, Leonardo wished to present a more natural version of the story in which Judas truly would not stand out to the eyes of his fellow disciples. Therefore, Judas is integrated into the group. But, he is also placed with the other two most readily identified figures. He sits, shadowed, the only disciple not in the light, by Peter and John. Judas displays his accepted appearance. And, Peter displays his well-known characteristics of gray hair which is generally short and curly and a short usually curly beard, while John is identifiable because he is usually shown next to Christ, and depicted as young, clean-shaven, with long hair and sometimes rather effeminate features (Hall 190). Because the historical event serves as a warning to those who view it, it is set in a world that is both realistic in its details, and ideal in its totality. Leonardo was creating a vision of one of a New Testament drama that had great personal significance for the viewers. But the event is played out on a scale, and in a setting that resembles the real world, but actually represents an ideal. The control of light seems to have been very carefully organized as well, and the perspective of the room is perfect. But, just as the light that shines on the faces of the disciples cannot have any origin within the picture, so the perspective is not what spectators were used to. The fifteenth centurys tradition of illusionistic perspective decreed that represented space must be an inward extension of the room in which the spectator stands (Hartt 401). However, in the case of The Last Supper, there is no place in the refectory that a spectator can take in order to experience the painted space in this way (Pedretti 70). The room created by Leonardo, like the people and objects in it, is in a region of superior existence and the tables edge makes a boundary between our world and the idea (Freedberg 24). Thus, though Leonardo failed to change fresco painting to suit his own aims, the wreck of The Last Supper demonstrates how revolutionary the painting was. WORKS CITED Cole, Bruce. The Renaissance Artist at Work: From Pisano to Titian London: John Murray, 1983. Freedberg, S. J. Painting in Italy: 1500-1600 3d ed. New Haven: Yale UP, 1993. Hall, James. Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art Rev ed. New York: Harper and Row-Icon, 1979. Hartt, Frederick. Italian Renaissance Art Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; New York: Abrams, 1975. Pedretti, Carlo. Leonardo: A Study in Chronology and Style. [1973]. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich-Johnson Reprint, 1982. Modern Day Subcultures: Hip-Hop, Cosplay and Otaku Modern Day Subcultures: Hip-Hop, Cosplay and Otaku Subculture refers to a small group of people who with different behavior and beliefs in a larger mainstream culture. Subculture does not only contain the values and concepts that similar as the main culture, but also their own unique values and concepts, and these values are scattered into all kinds of main cultures. Subculture is a branch of the whole culture. Because of class, ethnic, religious, occupation differences, living environment, it can form groups or regional culture with its own characteristics under a unified national culture. Sub-culture originated in the 1950s and was influenced by the Baby boom of the post-war. Since then, the Teenage of the Western was becoming the main part of society and prompted the Youth culture age. Nowadays, most of the mainstream cultures are evolved from the subculture slowly. Hip-Hop Hip-hop is a cultural movement including rap, break dance, graffiti writing, DJing, etc. As a musical understanding, it originated in the African American communities of New York City in the late 1970s. Hip-hop is a completely improvised freestyle of music, this kind of music doesnt contain any binding elements. Hip-Hop originally refers to the early stages of hip-hop dance, and it gradually developed into a greater concept. The Hip-Hop culture characteristic, usually including those large clothes, heavy gold jewelry, and speak with the words YoYo whats up?. As early 80s, Hip-Hop trend had already spread from the United States to the whole Western world. In 1986, Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, Public Enemy and Run DMC of Def Jam Records Company hold the Def Jam Tour, it triggered a global Hip-Hop craze. And by 90s, the time led to Dr. Dres Gangsta Rap, Puff Daddys Hip-Hop style, the queen of rap Missy Elliott and so countless Hip-Hoper appeared. They gradually make these musical forms which from folk music into the mainstream market, and their works easily created on the 10 million sales. Hip-Hop music has become big revenue of entertainment industry in the United States. The appearance of Eminem in the late 90s, as a white man, he needed one year to become the hottest Hip-Hop stars, completely broke the race question of Hip-Hop culture. Just as using Elvis Presley to prove that rock and roll is not only belong to the black. Eminems appearance symbolize that Hip-Hop culture has accepted the white man and toward to the world. Actually, hip-hop was a sub-cultural forms that with counter-cultural tendencies, the nature of it runs in the opposite direction of pop culture in our traditional sense. However, in the current situation, it not only becomes the mainstream culture, an important component, but also the rapid rise of the hip-hops development. Cosplay Cosplay, is the short form of costume play, it is established by the Japanese animator Takahashi Nobuyuki during the Los Angeles worlds annual science fiction exhibition in 1984. Cosplay refers to a kind of self-interpretation of role, the behavior of Performing Arts. In the present day, cosplay is usually seen as sub-culture activities. The role often comes from animation, comics, games, novels, movies, TV series, tokusatsu, idol groups, occupation, historical stories, social stories and so on. Usually, they wear similar clothes, carry necessary props and put on make-up to mimic the role. During the 17th century, the Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher invented Magic lantern successfully and then animation became popular in Europe. Until the late 1930s, Mickey Mouse of Walt Disney appeared in U.S., the animation style had a clear and affirmative definition. And also, the first cosplayer of animated character in history was born in this period. Soon, Mickey Mouse has been popular in the United States, also around the world. Walt Disney grasped this opportunity and created the first Disney theme park of the world in 1955. In order to publicize the products and better attract tourists, Walt Disney hired employees to wear special Mickey Mouse costumes for pleasing tourists and taking pictures. The original unknown persons who dressed in Mickey Mouse are the first cosplayers of Cosplay culture in the contemporary world. In 1947, the so-called God of Manga, Osamu Tezuka revised a red cover Manga New Treasure Island in according to Sakais original works. He thus made a showy display of his abilities and set off a wave of contemporary comic cartoons in Japan. He created overall prosperity for Japans ACG (animation, comic and game) market and laid a foundation of the real status of ACG in Japan. At the same time, Disneys Cosplay activity for publicity was introduced into Japan, and ACG community imitated that and it becomes a normal activity in Japans ACG community. By the 1990s, Japanese ACG industry successfully held many animation and game exhibitions. In those exhibitions, they employed some people to dress as the roles of ACG works in order to attract the visitors. Therefore, Cosplay culture in the ACG community has been promoted and carried forward in Japan. Through a variety of Cosplay events, media presentations, a large number of Internet propaganda of Cosplay information, the participants in Cosplay increased rapidly. Slowly, Cosplay began to get real, independent development. It can be said that the global concept of Cosplay has inherited a substantial part of Japanese Cosplay. Otaku Otaku originally referred to the people who have proficient skills and is wild about animation, comics and computer games (ACG), but now generally refers to the people who keen on subculture and have in-depth understanding of subculture. Otaku is the intention of anothers house or family . Also, its an honorific second-person pronoun in Japanese. In 1982, the animation Macross was released, in that animation, the characters are using otaku, to call each other, it is inferred that this group of people is affected by this animation and started to call each other using this term. Later on, the term otaku starts to represent this kind of people. In the 80s, the Japanese animation golden age, otaku can be said that its the promoter of this splendid times. One of the most famous people of Japanese animation is the Japanese OTAKU King (OTAKING) Okada Toshio and his animation company GAINAX. GAINAX released two episodes of the semi-autobiographical OVA otakus video, and it has the direct description about the reality of Japanese otaku culture at that time. In 2004, The internet true story train man shapes the image of Japanese otaku: do not care about the appearance, women dont like, do not dare to talk to women, good at computer, well known about subculture, will collect a wide range of models. As the story made into a film version, TV series and comic that output all over the world, Train Man image become popular and represent typical Otaku image. Conclusion The three subcultures that mentioned above are the well known subcultures in the world. Evidently, the present mainstream came from subcultures through a long time of humans awareness, understanding, and acceptance. Historically, the famous jazz and RB was once a subculture, but with the professionals and the continued involvement of culture scholar, which later became the formal part of the pop culture. Yesterdays subculture may be todays mainstream culture; todays subculture may be tomorrows mainstream culture. This also shows that the formal cultures always absorb the sub-culture and developed, subculture plays a huge role in the formation of the formal culture.